Summative Test Review Notes: Units 7 and 8 Chemical Bonding

Classroom Materials * All relevant notes are compiled within the Chemistry binder under Tab #3. * Comprehensive review of the Packet Practice Worksheets is required; an answer key is provided in the Canvas Module-Unit 8.
Digital and Multimedia Resources * Mrs. Ligon’s Lecture Notes: Accessible via the Canvas Module-Unit 7 and 8. * Video Lessons: Multiple instructional videos are posted within the Canvas Module-Unit 7 and 8. * EdPuzzle Video Lesson: Specifically covered content for this unit should be reviewed. * eBook References: Primary reading includes Chapter 7 (Ionic Bonding) and Chapter 8 (Covalent Bonding).

The following items are officially permitted for use during the summative test:

Periodic Table (PT) Chart: Must be the laminated version.
Digital Device: iPad, which must be fully charged prior to the assessment.
Reference Sheets: Specifically the orange, yellow, and blue Reference Sheets used for these units.
Calculator: Accessible strictly through the Lockdown setting on the digital device.
Writing Utensil: A pencil is highly recommended, particularly for Part 2 of the examination.

Conceptual Understanding * Students must master the formal definition and fundamental concepts of an Ionic Compound.
The Bonding Process * Full proficiency in the 4 steps required to demonstrate the ionic bonding process is necessary.
Lewis Dot Diagrams (LDD) and Valence Electrons * Valence Electron Determination: Students must know how to identify the number of valence electrons for any element using the Periodic Table (PT) chart. * LDD Construction: Capability to draw the Lewis Dot Diagram for any given ionic pair is required.
Ionic Nomenclature (Formula Writing and Naming) * Strict adherence to the structural rules governing both naming and formula writing. * Binary Ionic Compounds: Bonding involving a Metal and a Nonmetal. * Ternary Ionic Compounds: Bonding involving a Metal and a Polyatomic Ion group. * Special Case: B-Family Metals: Familiarization with the specific rules governing transition metals (B-Family) is essential.

Definition and Concepts * A comprehensive understanding of the definition and theoretical concepts of a Covalent compound.
Covalent Bond Categories * Single Bonds * Double Bonds * Triple Bonds
Sharing Process and Stability * Students must utilize valence electrons to illustrate the sharing mechanism between two nonmetals. * Stability Assessment: In Lewis Dot Diagrams, students must circle the elements to visually verify that all atoms are stable (referred to as "happy").
Covalent Nomenclature Rules * No Criss-Cross Method: Unlike ionic bonding, the criss-cross method is NOT used in Covalent nomenclature. * Subscript-Based Formulas: Formula writing is strictly based on the subscript. * Prefix Usage: High-level mastery of numerical prefixes is required to represent the number of atoms. * Example: $N_2H_3 = \text{Dinitrogen trihydride}$ .
Required Memorization * Diatomic Molecules: Memorize the $7 \, \text{elements}$ that exist as diatomic molecules. * Prefix List: * $1$ : mono- * $2$ : di- * $3$ : tri- * $4$ : tetra- * $5$ : penta- * $6$ : hexa- * $7$ : hepta- * $8$ : octa- * $9$ : nona- * $10$ : deca-
Molecular Energy * Calculation of Dissociation energy: Determine the energy required to dissociate a specific molecule.

Core Theory * General understanding of the Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) theory.
Structural Determination * Critical Requirement: Accurate construction of the Lewis Dot Diagram (LDD) is the prerequisite for all subsequent VSEPR determinations. * Electron Geometry: Determination based on the total number of electron domains. * Pattern (AXE): Identification of the bond pattern using the $AXE$ notation. * Molecular Shape: Determining the specific geometric shape of the molecule.

Categorization * Differentiate clearly between Polar and Non-Polar molecules.
Methods of Determination * Method 1: Lewis Dot Diagram (LDD): Application of the 2 specific conditions used to determine if a molecule is Polar via its visual representation. * Method 2: Electronegativity Values: Calculation of the electronegativity difference between bonded atoms. * Bond Range Prediction: Utilizing the calculated difference and the standard bond range to predict the overall polarity of the molecule.