Sum: The Conjunction

• typically used as a linking verb

• principal parts: Sum, Esse, Fui, Futurus

• While the present stem is irregular, it still utilizes the regular present personal endings

1st Person: Sum (I am), Sumus (we are)

2nd Person: Es (you are), estis (y’all are)

3rd Person: Est ([s]he/it is), Sunt (they are)

Est and Sunt can also be used as there is/are

Linking Verb Examples:

Gallia est provincia ——> Gaul is a province

Gallia est in Europa ——> Gaul is in Europe

Est aqua ——> There is water

Sunt litterae ——> There are letters