HIP AND PELVIS

the pelvis is formed of the innominate bones and the sacrum

it transmits weight from the vertebral column to - see ppt


ASIS = anterior superior iliac spine

the muscles that attach to it are the sartorius and the tensor fascia lata


the HIP JOINT is a synovial ball and socket multiaxial joint that is required to

  • support entire weight of body when standing on one leg

  • ensures the stable transference of weight in walking and running therefore needs to posses great strength and stability

this is achieved as it has congruent articular surfaces, acetabulum is a deep socket that articulates with the femur, strong ligaments and muscles surrounding the joint

acetabulum is a horseshoe shaped area that is covered in hyaline cartilage and the floor of the acetabulum is non-articular and is called the acetabulum fossa - see PPT


the blood supply to the hip primarily arises from the medial and lateral circumflex arteries - the ligamentum teres doesn't provide adequate supply to sustain femoral head


a fracture of the neck of the femur is common and a serious injury in frail elderly were the factors are low bone mineral density, neuromuscular impairment and poor visual acuity


fractures within the joint capsule are at risk of avascular necrosis


how is range of motion limited - see PPT


the SACROILIAC JOINT(SIJ) is a bicondylar joint where the sacral surface is covered in hyaline cartilage and the ilium is covered in fibrocartilage


in nutation the sacral promontory moves anteriorly and inferiorly and the coccyx moves posteriorly


in counternutation the sacral promontory moves posteriorly and superiorly and the coccyx moves anteriorly


what causes an anterior pelvic tilt?

  • tight hip flexors and erector spine

  • weak rectus abdominis, gluteal muscles and hamstrings


what causes posterior pelvic tilt?

  • tight abdominals, gluteal muscles, hamstrings

  • weak hop flexors and erector spine


the PUBIC SYMPHASIS unites the ramus of the pubis and is a non synovial amphiarthrodial joint which is joined by fibrocartilage and has hyaline cartilage at the ends of the bone