In-Depth Notes on Personal Care and Hygiene

Bathing Techniques

  • Temperature Control:
    • Use water between 100-104°F for bathing.
  • Bath Frequency:
    • Partial baths: Twice daily (after rising, before bed).
    • Full baths: As needed or 1-2 times a week.
  • Skin Monitoring:
    • Look for open areas and pressure sores during bathing.
    • Use lotion only on non-broken skin.
    • Report any rashes to the head nurse (BN).
  • Dirty Areas:
    • Use two washcloths for the body and two for peri-area, changing water when it cools or becomes dirty.
  • Assisting Patients:
    • Encourage patients to perform as much independently as possible, assisting as needed. Be patient and sincere.

Bath Day Responsibilities

  • Vital Signs (VS): Full set before or after bathing.
  • Linen Change: Complete linen change on bathing day as needed.
  • Hair Care: Ensure patients are clean and dry; no toenail care.
  • Weight Measurement: Conduct while bathing if applicable.
  • Inspect Skin: Check skin before, during, and after bathing.

Oral Care

  • Frequency: Performed every morning and night, preferably after every meal.
  • Procedure for Natural Teeth:
    • Brush all surfaces; use mouthwash as needed.
    • Use oral swabs for patients who can’t swish or have limited movement.
  • Care for Dentures:
    • Handle with care; use barriers to prevent breakage.
    • Store in water or mouthwash when not in use.

Bed Making

  • Essential Items: Fitted sheet, draw sheet, top sheet, pillowcases, blanket, bedspread.
  • Incontinence: Use reusable or disposable pads as necessary.
  • Changing Frequency: Change bed linens once or twice a week.
  • Open vs Closed Beds:
    • Open bed invites the patient to lay down; linens are fan-folded.
    • Closed bed covers the mattress and is usually made after a patient gets up.

Weighing and Measuring

  • Regular Monitoring: Check weight at the same time weekly on bath days.
  • Equipment: Use stand-up scales or chair scales for patients who cannot stand.
  • Documentation: Report significant weight fluctuations (+/- 3 lbs.) to RN.

Hair and Nail Care

  • Hair Care:
    • Use a washcloth for privacy during hair washing.
  • Nail Care:
    • Usually performed on bath day; soak nails first for softer trimming.
    • Use orange sticks for cleaning, avoid trimming nails for diabetic patients.

Shaving Techniques

  • Regularity: Shave patients daily or as needed.
  • Safety: Use electric razors for patients on blood thinners.
  • Post-Care: Apply pressure to bleeding sites and report to RN.

Personal Hygiene

  • Skin Integrity: Regular checks for redness or sores, especially in sensitive areas.
  • Incontinence Care:
    • Assist every 2 hours, apply barrier creams to prevent skin breakdown.
  • Reporting: Notify RN about any skin issues or changes in bowel habits.