eng lang paper 1 and 2 practice

paper 1

questions 1, 2, and 3

what values does the writer have and what values do they assume the reader shares with them

how is intended audience significant throughout the text (e.g. how is this reflect through the use of language)

start with an idea rather than a technique (for comparison): e.g. how are women presented

idea - can be about one text and backed up with a developed comparison, or about both texts. evaluate

text prod, text rec, mode

comparisons to make between text 1 and 2 (old and new driving texts):

the way in which men and women interact

how men are presented

how women are presented (power)

assumptions about the text reader

style of writing - both give advice but one is more rules based and one is more colloquial

behaviour in general - how men behave in cars

question 4

child language acquisition

AO2 - concepts and theories. look at view, what is it, how do I respond to it, and what are arguments for and against it

AO1 - analyse and link to data

paper 2

question 1 or 2

take an idea and come up with ideas for and against it

‘evaluate the view that society should police language’ [30] (should we correct language?)

prescriptivism John Humphreys

c/a language change happens due to functional theory (Halliday), Deutscher, Hockett random fluctuation theory

academie francais prioritise French over other languages (e.g. English)

Judith Butler - performing identity

should challenge when language is used in an offensive / discriminatory way

plain English campaign - language can create in and our groups (e.g. jargon -doctors should use language that patients can understand. however they should be able to use jargon with each other for efficiency).

accent bias - rob drummond says we shouldn’t police accent (identity)

Aitchison - crumbling castle, damp spoon, infectious disease

Orwell politics and the English language. people can use language to evade things

evaluating theories: (e.g. we should ban slang)
what kind of argument it is (e.g. prescriptivist), what the problem is with the argument (doesn’t acknowledge individuality, limits expressiveness), counter the argument (code switching)

bidialectal

Michael rosen and lindsay johns video

April Baker Bell

‘institutions should use gender neutral language’

Deborah Cameron - verbal hygiene (babbel article)

Deborah Tannen different ways of communicating between men and women

may unintentionally create bias

pejoration

deficit / dominance theories - male language associated with power

political correctness

features of an opinion article

  • headline

  • how audience is addressed

  • how topic is framed for the audience (attitudes / values / assumptions made by writer)

  • writer’s purpose(s)

  • lexis/semantics

  • syntax/grammar

  • discourse structure

  • pragmatics

have a topic focus that you are criticising

wealthiest/best (superlatives), semantic field of power

undermines things you want to criticise e.g. describes men as ‘little helpers’ (intertextuality santa), VP for shitposting

uses features of spoken language to comment (treats topic like a conversation with reader - colloquial language, direct address to reader, discourse markers (e.g. you know, come on, etc).

uses humour and changes tone to show that she thinks things are less important.

shifts of address and changes tone

addressing people names in article e.g. Branson/Vance

opinion article on something linguistic that annoys me:

title: its called English for a reason

subheading: Americanisms should stay in America

The other day I overheard