Civil rights -1960's

two movements

  • non-violent protest

    • Henry David Thoreau transcendentalist “On Civil Disobedience”

  • working with white allies to protest and create change

  • focusing on civil disobedience to force change in laws and/ or in court

  • MLK

  • W.E.B. Dubois founded the NAACP which worked with white nationalists to create change for all minorities

Black Power

  • continuation of Black nationalism- seeking economic, social and political power of their own rather than integrating in white society

  • working to protest the Black community from white aggression and intimidation

  • MalcomX & Stolkey Carmichael

Both worked hand-in hand and were allies but Black Power was often viewed by whites as a violent and dangerous gorup

  • people like Booker T. Washington

Events

  • 1954- Brown v Board of Education

    • overturning Plessy v Ferguson (separate but equal)

  • 1955- Emmitt Till

    • Jim Crow Laws

  • 1955- Montgomery Bus Boycott

    • started by Claudette Colvin, who was a teen pregnancy so not face of movement

  • 1957- Little Rock 9

    • integrating central high school, where mobs protested. who were escorted by air force soldiers into around classes. they were expected to fail and were tutored 4 hours every day to prevent any mistakes

  • 1960- Greensboro sit-ins

    • integrating lunches and restaurants

    • had to dress your Sunday finest, do not fight back and sit there calmly, someone will fill in if you had class

Leaders & Groups

  • Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)

    • MLK jr

    • Montgomery Bus Boycott, March on Washington, March to Selma

  • Student non-violent coordinating committee (SNICC)

    • sit-ins, freedom rides, Freedom Summer

  • Congress on Racial Equality

    • all of the above until 1966- becomes Black Power

events _ 60’s

  • 1961- Freedom Rides

    • sit-ins on interstate buses

  • 1962- James Meredith & University of Mississppi

    • GI Bill African-American man who chose segregated state to get his education

  • 1963- “Bombingham”

    • Letter from a Birmingham Jail

    • used firehouses and tear gases

  • August 1963- MArch on Washington

    • to get the civil rights act passed

    • no discrimination against race or sex

  • 1964- Freedom Summer

    • to attempt to register as many Af-Am voters as possible in Mississppi

  • March 1965- March to Selma

  • Two types of segregation:

    • Dejure: Segregation by law

    • Defacto: Segregation by choice

rioting

  • March 1965: Watts riot

  • April 4, 1968: MLK assassinated

    • rioting in major cities

Laws and Amendment

  • 24th Amendment: no poll tax

  • Civil Rights Act of 1964

  • voting rights act of 1965

    • no discrimination against certain people