Year 9 Humanities Common Assessment: Geography and History Study Guide

Target Level: Year $9$ Humanities Common Assessment Revision.
Subject Coverage: Geography and History (presented as separate sections).
Design Goal: Lower ability friendly, utilizing pictures and memory graphs.
Revision Steps:
- 1. Read: Read one slide at a time. Cover the examples and attempt to say them aloud from memory.
- 2. Remember: Utilize icons, colour coding, and specific short definitions to anchor knowledge.
- 3. Practise: Write short PEEL (Point, Evidence, Explain, Link) answers using provided sentence starters.
Core Memory Rule: Always follow the sequence of "definition \rightarrow example \rightarrow explanation."
Study Advice: Never memorise full test questions. Instead, learn the information and practice explaining it using original wording.
Revision Framework: Know \rightarrow Explain \rightarrow Apply.

Definition of Development: This refers to the improvement in the quality of life for people within a country.
Definition of Quality of Life: This measures how well people live. It is comprised of several specific factors:
- Health: Access to doctors and hospitals.
- Education: Availability of schools and literacy rates.
- Income: Availability of jobs and money.
- Water: Access to clean and safe water supplies.
- Housing: Availability of safe and secure homes.

Economic Development (Think: Money + Jobs):
- Focuses on creating more jobs and achieving higher income levels.
- Includes the growth of better industries and establishing stronger trade networks.
- Quick Memory: Economic = £/jobs.
Social Development (Think: People):
- Focuses on better education and higher literacy rates.
- Includes improved healthcare and safer housing conditions.
- Quick Memory: Social = people.
Environmental Development (Think: Planet + Nature):
- Focuses on the protection of nature and the careful use of resources.
- Includes ensuring clean water and air as well as sustainability.
- Quick Memory: Environmental = nature.

GDP (Gross Domestic Product): This refers to the total value of all goods and services produced or made by a country.
LIC (Low Income Country): A country that usually possesses lower income levels and fewer available services.
HIC (High Income Country): A country that usually possesses higher income levels and stronger services.
LEDC (Less Economically Developed Country): A classification used when development is measured using more than just monetary indicators.
Multi-Indicator Judging: It is necessary to use several indicators to judge a country's development accurately. Common indicators and their relative weights in judgment include:
- Income: $80\%$
- Health: $78\%$
- Education: $76\%$
- Water: $74\%$

Definition: Life expectancy is the average age that people are expected to live to within a specific country.
Characteristics of High Life Expectancy:
- Suggests good healthcare systems.
- Suggests good nutrition and clean water.
- Suggests the presence of safe homes.
Characteristics of Low Life Expectancy:
- May be caused by poor healthcare and the prevalence of disease.
- Linked to unsafe water and poor diets.
Life Expectancy Memory Graph (Correlation to Development):
- High Development: $\approx 82$ years.
- Medium Development: $\approx 70$ years.
- Low Development: $\approx 55$ years.
- General Rule: The higher the life expectancy, the more developed a country is likely to be.

Japan Diet: Consists primarily of fish, rice, vegetables, and soy foods. It is often characterized by lower fat content.
Italy Diet: Consists primarily of pasta, bread, olive oil, and vegetables, with some meat and dairy.
Similarities Between Japan and Italy:
- Both diets can be balanced through the use of vegetables and fresh foods.
- Both diets are statistically linked with high life expectancy.
The Impact of Wealth on Diet:
- Richer people can often afford to buy fresher and more varied foods.
- Poorer people may rely more heavily on cheaper, processed foods.

P (Point): Make one clear point (e.g., "Japan has a healthy diet.").
E (Evidence): Provide a supporting fact (e.g., "It includes fish, rice and vegetables.").
E (Explain): State why the evidence matters (e.g., "This supports health and life expectancy.").
L (Link): Link the point back to the main topic (e.g., "Therefore, diet can affect development.").
Useful Sentence Starters:
- "One similarity is…"
- "One difference is…"
- "This suggests…"
- "This is because…"

Timeline: World War II was a global conflict lasting from $1939$ to $1945$ .
The Start ( $1939$ ): The war began when Germany invaded Poland. In response, Britain and France declared war on Germany.
The End ( $1945$ ): World War II ended after Germany and Japan were defeated.
The Big Idea: The conflict involved many countries fighting in two primary opposing groups: the Axis and the Allies.

Allied Powers:
- United Kingdom
- France
- USA
- Soviet Union (USSR)
- Memory Clue: This was the group fighting against Germany, Italy, and Japan.
Axis Powers:
- Germany
- Italy
- Japan
- Memory Clue: This group included Nazi Germany and its main wartime allies.
- Warning: Do not mix up Italy; it was an Axis Power at the beginning of the war.

Definition: Literal translation is "lightning war."
Objective: To shock the enemy and seize territory with extreme speed.
The Three Stages of Blitzkrieg:
1. Air Attacks: Aircraft bomb important locations, attack roads to prevent movement, and create general panic.
2. Tanks: Armoured vehicles move quickly through gaps to break the enemy's defensive lines.
3. Infantry: Ground soldiers follow the tanks to control the territory and defeat any remaining enemy troops.

Location: Dunkirk is a port town located in northern France, situated across the English Channel from Britain.
Context ( $1940$ ): British and Allied soldiers became trapped by German forces at Dunkirk and required urgent rescue.
Operation Dynamo: The codename for the evacuation mission.
Significance: The operation successfully rescued over $300,000$ soldiers, which allowed Britain to continue its participation in the war.

Geography Must-Knows:
- Development equals the improvement of the quality of life.
- Economic = jobs, money, and industries.
- Social = education and healthcare.
- Environmental = nature and sustainability.
- GDP stands for Gross Domestic Product.
- Development Indicators include LIC (Low Income Country), HIC (High Income Country), and LEDC (Less Economically Developed Country).
- Life expectancy is a primary indicator of health and development levels.
History Must-Knows:
- World War II occurred from $1939$ to $1945$ .
- Germany's invasion of Poland in $1939$ sparked the war.
- Allies: UK, France, USA, and USSR.
- Axis: Germany, Italy, and Japan.
- Blitzkrieg means "lightning war" and consists of three stages: air attacks, tanks, and infantry.
- Dunkirk was a $1940$ evacuation known as Operation Dynamo.
- Operation Dynamo rescued more than $300,000$ soldiers.