1. What forms the apex of the heart?

- A) Right atrium

- B) Left atrium

- C) Right ventricle

- D) Left ventricle

2. Which of the following structures is not part of the pericardium?

- A) Fibrous pericardium

- B) Serous pericardium

- C) Epicardium

- D) Endocardium

3. The superior border of the heart extends from the:

- A) 1st to 2nd costal cartilage

- B) 2nd to 3rd costal cartilage

- C) 3rd to 4th costal cartilage

- D) 4th to 5th costal cartilage

4. Which nerve supplies the fibrous pericardium?

- A) Vagus nerve

- B) Phrenic nerve

- C) Sympathetic trunk

- D) Brachial plexus

5. The left atrioventricular opening is controlled by the:

- A) Tricuspid valve

- B) Pulmonary valve

- C) Aortic valve

- D) Mitral valve

6. Which of the following is true about the right atrium?

- A) It contains the bicuspid valve

- B) It has a thicker wall compared to the left atrium

- C) It has the fossa ovalis on its left wall

- D) It receives blood from the pulmonary veins

7. What is the function of the chordae tendineae?

- A) To anchor the heart to the chest wall

- B) To prevent backflow of blood into the atria

- C) To initiate contraction of the ventricles

- D) To supply blood to the myocardium

8. The left ventricle pumps blood into the:

- A) Pulmonary artery

- B) Superior vena cava

- C) Aorta

- D) Right ventricle

9. Which surface of the heart is formed mainly by the left ventricle?

- A) Anterior surface

- B) Inferior surface

- C) Posterior surface

- D) Lateral surface

10. Which of the following is true about the anterior interventricular groove?

- A) It separates the right and left atria

- B) It is located on the posterior surface of the heart

- C) It contains the left coronary artery

- D) It separates the right and left ventricles

11. The infundibulum is found in the:

- A) Right atrium

- B) Left atrium

- C) Right ventricle

- D) Left ventricle

12. Which of the following structures is sensitive to pain?

- A) Visceral layer of serous pericardium

- B) Myocardium

- C) Parietal layer of serous pericardium

- D) Endocardium

13. Which vein opens into the right atrium?

- A) Pulmonary vein

- B) Coronary sinus

- C) Inferior mesenteric vein

- D) Left gastric vein

14. The anterior surface of the heart is also known as the:

- A) Diaphragmatic surface

- B) Base

- C) Sternocostal surface

- D) Pulmonary surface

15. Which artery supplies the right atrium?

- A) Left coronary artery

- B) Right coronary artery

- C) Circumflex artery

- D) Anterior interventricular artery

16. The pericardial cavity contains:

- A) Air

- B) Serous fluid

- C) Blood

- D) Lymph

17. Which structure is found in the left atrium?

- A) Crista terminalis

- B) Trabeculae carneae

- C) Pectinate muscles

- D) Openings of pulmonary veins

18. What is the approximate location of the apex of the heart?

- A) 5th left intercostal space

- B) 3rd right intercostal space

- C) 2nd left intercostal space

- D) 6th right intercostal space

19. Which layer of the heart wall is the thickest?

- A) Endocardium

- B) Myocardium

- C) Epicardium

- D) Pericardium

20. The right border of the heart is formed mainly by the:

- A) Left atrium

- B) Right atrium

- C) Left ventricle

- D) Right ventricle

21. What structure is located at the base of the heart?

- A) Apex

- B) Atria

- C) Ventricles

- D) Interventricular septum

22. The fibrous pericardium is:

- A) A smooth muscle layer

- B) An outermost tough connective tissue layer

- C) A part of the myocardium

- D) Lining the inner surface of the heart chambers

23. Which of the following structures is found in the right ventricle?

- A) Bicuspid valve

- B) Aortic valve

- C) Pulmonary valve

- D) Tricuspid valve

24. The inferior border of the heart is located at the level of the:

- A) 2nd intercostal space

- B) 3rd intercostal space

- C) 4th intercostal space

- D) 5th intercostal space

25. The left pulmonary surface of the heart is mainly formed by the:

- A) Right atrium

- B) Left atrium

- C) Right ventricle

- D) Left ventricle

26. Which of the following structures is located in the interventricular septum?

- A) Papillary muscles

- B) Chordae tendineae

- C) Bundle of His

- D) Trabeculae carneae

27. The right atrium receives blood from the:

- A) Aorta

- B) Pulmonary artery

- C) Superior vena cava

- D) Left atrium

28. Which of the following arteries originates from the left ventricle?

- A) Pulmonary artery

- B) Right coronary artery

- C) Left coronary artery

- D) Aorta

29. The posterior interventricular groove is found on the:

- A) Right atrium

- B) Left atrium

- C) Right ventricle

- D) Posterior surface of the heart

30. Which part of the heart is most closely related to the esophagus?

- A) Right atrium

- B) Left atrium

- C) Right ventricle

- D) Left ventricle

31. The mitral valve is also known as the:

- A) Tricuspid valve

- B) Pulmonary valve

- C) Aortic valve

- D) Bicuspid valve

32. What is the function of the papillary muscles?

- A) To anchor the heart to the chest wall

- B) To prevent the backflow of blood into the atria

- C) To initiate contraction of the ventricles

- D) To supply blood to the myocardium

33. Which structure is located in the floor of the right atrium?

- A) Opening of the superior vena cava

- B) Opening of the pulmonary veins

- C) Opening of the inferior vena cava

- D) Right auricle

34. The base of the heart is formed mainly by the:

- A) Left atrium

- B) Right atrium

- C) Left ventricle

- D) Right ventricle

35. Which surface of the heart is formed mainly by the right ventricle?

- A) Anterior surface

- B) Inferior surface

- C) Posterior surface

- D) Lateral surface

36. The serous fluid found in the pericardial cavity serves to:

- A) Nourish the heart muscles

- B) Reduce friction during heartbeats

- C) Prevent infection

- D) Conduct electrical impulses

37. Which of the following structures is not found in the left ventricle?

- A) Papillary muscles

- B) Trabeculae carneae

- C) Chordae tendineae

- D) Moderator band

38. The right atrioventricular opening is guarded by the:

- A) Bicuspid valve

- B) Pulmonary valve

- C) Aortic valve

- D) Tricuspid valve

39. The pulmonary veins carry blood to the:

- A) Left atrium

- B) Right atrium

- C) Left ventricle

- D) Right ventricle

40. The structure that separates the left atrium from the right atrium is the:

- A) Interventricular septum

- B) Atrial septum

- C) Crista terminalis

- D) Atrioventricular septum