HBS unit 1

HBS Unit 1 Study Guide: Note that, although SOME of this MAY be multiple choice, there are no word banks!

• DNA analyst job responsibilities

DNA analysts are responsible for collecting and analyzing evidence from a crime scene. Once collected the data, analysts use the evidence from these profiles to exnorrerate or implicate someone in a crime.

• Forensic Anthropologist job responsibilities

Job responsibilities to assist in law enforcement with the location and recovery of humans remaining at crime scenes. They also clean the bones and interpret trauma evident on the bones.

• Anatomical position (what is correct anatomical position?)

Anatomical position is the body standing up straight with the arms hanging at the sides and palms facing forward

• femur

• patella

• tibia

• fibula

• metatarsal bones

• phalanges

• lumbar vertebrae

• rib cage

• true ribs

• Directional terms (no word bank)

• anterior: situated toward the front or face; forehead is anterior to the back of the head

• posterior:further to the back; in back of

• inferior:bottom half of the body; waist down

• superior:situated toward the head and further away from the feet than another and especially, than another similar part of an upright body, especially of a human being.

• medial: toward the medial plane or midline of the body; the sternum is medial to the shoulder

• lateral: farther from the midline of the body; the shoulder is lateral to the sternum

• distal:further from the trunk of the body or point of attachment to the body; the wrist is distal to the elbow

• proximal: nearer to the trunk of the body or point of attachment to the body; the elbow is proximal to the wrist

• superficial: on surface or shallow

• deep: structures closer to the inferior center of the body

• ventral: stomach/belly of an animal(ONLY FOR 4 LEGGED ANIMAL)

• dorsal: back; where you sit on a horse(ONLY FOR 4 LEGGED ANIMAL)

• Regional terms  (no word bank)

• abdominal: abdomen

• antecubital: front of elbow

• axillary: armpit

• brachial: upper arm

• buccal: cheek

• calcaneal: heel of foot

• carpal: wrist

• cephalic: head

• cervical: neck

• coaxial: hip

• digital: toes/fingers

• femoral: femur

• gluteal: buttock

• inguinal: inguen/ groin

• lumbar: loin

• nasal: nose

• occipital: beach of the head

• olecranal: back of elbow

• oral: muth

• orbital: eye

• patella: kneecap

• pelvic: pelvis

• popliterial: back of knee

• sacral: sacrum

• scapular: shoulder blade

• sternal: middle of chest

• tarsarl: ankle

• thoracic: chest

• umbilical: navel

• vertebral: spinal column

• Bones of skeleton (no word bank)

• skull:

• spine:

• ribs:

• sternum:

• scapula:

• clavicle:

• humerus:

• radius:

• ulna:

• carpals:

• metacarpals:

• phalanges:

• pelvis:

• femur:

• patella:

• tibia:

• fibula:

• tarsals:

• metarsarals:

• Bones of the skull (no word bank)

• frontal bone:

• temporal bone:

• orbicularis oculi:

• zygomatic process:

• orbicularis oris:

• mandible:

• occipital bone:

• parietal bone:

• Description/function/type of each tissue

1. Epithelial Tissue

sheets of tightly packed cells that line organs and body cavities

2. Connective Tissue

animal tissue that functions mainly to bind and support other tissues, having a sparse population of cells scattered through an extracellular matrix

3. Muscle Tissue

soft tissue that compass human muscle and gives rise to the muscle’s ability to contract

4. Nervous Tissue

Location: makes up the central and peripheral nervous systems

• found in the brain and spinal cord and nerves throughout the body

Structure: consist of neurons and glial cells

• neurons: transmit nerve impulses

• neuroglia insulate and blind neurons

• 4 main components

• dendrite

• axon

• axon terminal

• nucleus

• Description/function/type of head and neck muscles

1. Orbicularis Oculi

the muscles around the eyelid

2. Orbicularis Oris

the muscles around the mouth

3. Temporalis

the side of the head

• How to determine sex using bones

you can tell the sex of a female through the pelvis along with the sex of a male, a females pelvis is heart shaped and a males is circular, this is due to the fact that a female ‘s pelvis is conditioned to have push out offspring

• How to determine ethnicity using bones

you can tell a person’s ethnicity using bones by, morphology, or shape of the skull, by taking measurements of facial cavities and face

• How to determine age using bones

forensic anthropologists can tell this through decay or damages in the skeletal structure

• How to determine height using bones (be able to use equations to calculate height ranges also!)

you can determine height through equations from the

femur :  Male : (2.32 x MLF)+ 65.53 cm+-3.94 cm

               Female : (2.32x MLF) + 54.10 cm +- 3.72 cm

humerus : Male: (2.97 x MLH) + 73.5 cm +- 3.94 cm

                    Female : (3.14 x MLH) + 65 cm+- 3.72 cm

radius :   Male : (3.7 x MLR) +80.5 cm+- 3.94 cm

                 Female : (3.9 x MLR) + 73.41 cm +- 3.72 cm

• Restriction enzymes:  What do they do, where are they from, how do they work? Be able to perform a restriction digest and analyze results

Restriction endonucleases (enzymes) are the molecular scissors that can cut DNA in specific locations. Your specific code determines the number of times this set of scissors will snip and the number and size of DNA pieces that will be left behind. These pieces can then be separated and compared using the process of gel electrophoresis

• Gel Electrophoresis:  How, why, what, where, when… and be able to ‘read’ and interpret gel results

These pieces can then be separated and compared using the process of gel electrophoresis. As these fragments move through a gel, their varying lengths propel them through the gel at different speeds.

• Biometrics: examples, advantages, limitations.

Biometrics : a field of science that uses physical characteristics, such as facial features or patterns in the eyes, and behavioral characteristics, such as voice or handwriting, to determine or confirm identity.You will form your own biometrics firm and work to create a biologically-based security plan for a real-world client. You will assess the accuracy of each scan you include in your proposal as well as describe how easy it would be for a person to fake this data. In our world of heightened security, we need to be aware of those around us as well as protect our own identity. Proving who we really are may come down to the clues locked inside our organs, tissues, and cells.

2.1.2

1. Intro Notes

-Brain is the key to communication in the human body.

-Brain allows for your systems to communicate with one another

-Brain allows you to communicate with and respond to your surroundings.

2. Take notes on the structure and function of the CNS and PNS from step #1.

SKIP DOWN TO #48

-CNS

Part of the nervous system which in vertebrates, consists of the brain and spinal cord, to which sensory impulses are transmitted and from which motor impulses pass out, and which supervises and coordinates the activities of which the entire nervous system.

 -PNS

Part of the nervous system that is outside the central nervous system

3. Make the chart as shown in step 48 and complete the research shown. PLEASE follow the directions and leave two blank columns (will be used in the next lesson).

4. CQ 1-2

• 1. How do the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system work together to control the body?

The peripheral system allows the brain and spinal cord to receive and send information to other areas of the body, which allows us to react to stimuli in our environment.

• 2. A person slips, falls, and bangs the back of their head on the tile floor. The doctor tells them there is some minor swelling in the occipital lobe of their cerebrum. The doctor sends them home to rest and tells them to come back in if there are any changes. What changes would be worrisome, given the area that was injured?

They would lose their vision.