functional groups

alkane functional group = C-C

alkene functional group = C double bond C

alkyne functional group = C triple bond C

alkyl halide functional group = C - halogens

alcohol functional group = C - OH

thiol functional group = C - SH

ether functional group = C - O - C

carbonyl group = O double bond C

amine functional group = C - NH

ketone functional group = carbonyl group attached to 2 carbons

aldehyde functional group = carbonyl group attached to 1 H and 1 C

carboxylic acid functional group = -COOH; carbonyl group attached to 1 C and 1 OH

carboxylic ester functional group = carbonyl group to 1 C to 1 ester bond

carboxylic amide functional group = carbonyl group attached to NH or amine

nitrile functional group = C triple bond N