Anatomy_and_Physiology_I_Lab_Midterm_Study_Guide__1_

Midterm Lab Study Guide

  • Importance of knowing labels on all diagrams and slides for the midterm.

Preparation for Lab Midterm

  • The lab exam will consist of labeling and short answer questions.

  • Focus on knowing all labels on slides unless specified otherwise.

  • Attention to detail is crucial for scoring well.

  • Utilize study areas, mastering resources, and specific guidance from the instructor.

Body Planes

  • Anatomical Position & Orientation

    • Body planes are used to describe locations and relationships between different parts of the body.

Anatomical Terms - Anterior (Front)

  • Nasal – nose

  • Frontal – forehead

  • Oral – mouth

  • Orbital – eye

  • Buccal – cheek

  • Cervical – neck

  • Mental – chin

  • Acromial – point of shoulder

  • Sternal – breastbone

  • Axillary – armpit

  • Thoracic – chest

  • Abdominal – abdomen

  • Mammary – breast

  • Brachial – arm

  • Antecubital – front of elbow

  • Antebrachial – forearm

  • Umbilical – navel

  • Pelvic – pelvis

  • Carpal – wrist

  • Pollex – thumb

  • Palmar – palm

  • Coxal – hip

  • Digital – fingers

  • Inguinal – groin

  • Pubic – genital region

  • Femoral – thigh

  • Patellar – anterior knee

  • Fibular/Peroneal – side of leg

  • Crural – leg

  • Tarsal – ankle

  • Hallux – great toe

  • Pedal – foot

  • Digital – toes

Anatomical Terms - Posterior (Back)

  • Otic – ear

  • Cephalic – head

  • Occipital – back of head

  • Vertebral – spinal column

  • Scapular – shoulder blade

  • Dorsal – back

  • Olecranal – back of elbow

  • Lumbar – loin

  • Sacral – between hips

  • Manus – hand

  • Gluteal – buttock

  • Perineal – region between anus and external genitalia

  • Femoral – thigh

  • Popliteal – back of knee

  • Sural – calf

  • Calcaneal – heel

  • Plantar – sole

Body Regions

  • Quadrants (Organizational Regions):

    • Right Hypochondriac Region

    • Epigastric Region

    • Left Hypochondriac Region

    • Right Lumbar Region

    • Umbilical Region

    • Left Lumbar Region

    • Right Iliac Region

    • Hypogastric Region

    • Left Iliac Region

Types of Epithelial Tissue

  • Simple Squamous Epithelium

  • Non-Ciliated Simple Columnar Epithelium

  • Ciliated Simple Columnar Epithelium

  • Stratified Squamous Epithelium

  • Stratified Columnar Epithelium

  • Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium

  • Ciliated Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

Connective Tissue Types

  • Dense Regular Connective Tissue

    • Structure: Parallel collagen fibers; few elastin fibers.

    • Function: Attaches muscles to bones and withstands tensile stress.

    • Location: Tendons, ligaments, aponeuroses.

  • Hyaline Cartilage

  • Compact Bone

    • Features: Vascularized, hard, calcified matrix with collagen fibers, functions in support and protection.

  • Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes) and other blood cells (Leukocytes: Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes).

  • Adipose Tissue

    • Provides reserve food fuel, insulation, and protection.

  • Nervous Tissue

    • Function: Transmits electrical signals; consists of neurons and supporting cells.

  • Muscle Tissues:

    • Smooth Muscle: Involuntary control; propels substances through organs.

    • Skeletal Muscle: Voluntary control; obvious striations; responsible for locomotion and manipulation of the environment.

    • Cardiac Muscle: Involuntary control; striated and found in the heart.

Important Notes

  • Classification of Tissues: Epithelial, Muscular, Nervous, Connective.

  • Study Advice: Understand the structure and function of each tissue type. Utilize various resources including mastering, lab homework, diagrams, and internet resources for comprehensive learning.