Conciencia Histórica III: Siglo XX

Historical Consciousness III: Modern Reality in a Historical Perspective

The study of Historical Consciousness III (Conciencia Histórica III) focuses on analyzing the current global reality through an extensive historical lens. This perspective encompasses the significant shifts and events that occurred during the century-long span between the years $1900$ and $2000$, further extending its analysis to the present day in the year $2026$. By examining the continuity of history, this study seeks to understand how the power dynamics and economic structures established in the previous century continue to influence modern society.

The First World War and Geopolitical Shifts

The First World War marks a foundational period in this historical analysis. The conflict officially began in the year $1914$ and concluded with a definitive diplomatic resolution: the signing of the Treaty of Versailles (Tratado de Versalles). The war was primarily driven by territorial conflicts, as nations sought to consolidate power and achieve territorial expansion across various regions. This pursuit of "Querian Poder y expansión" (the desire for power and expansion) led to the involvement of several key global actors. These major participants included France (Francia), Germany (Alemania), Russia and the subsequent formation of the USSR (Rusia URSS), the United States (E.U), and Japan (Japón).

The Economic Collapse of 1929: Causes and Foundations

Following the structural changes of the post-war era, the year $1929$ introduced the Great Depression (La Gran Depresión). This event is characterized as a profound economic crash or crisis (Caída o crisis económica) that originated in the United States, specifically concentrated in New York at Wall Street. The core of this collapse occurred within the Stock Market (Bolsa de Valores), which serves as the primary institution for the purchase and sale of company assets. The crisis was driven by three fundamental causes: financial speculation (especulación financiera), the creation of a "hypothesis of value" (hipótesis de valor) that did not reflect actual wealth, and the onset of overproduction (sobreproducción), where the supply of industrial goods exceeded market demand.

Global Impact and Social Repercussions of the Depression

The economic failure of the New York Stock Market in $1929$ quickly generated a widespread global impact. This was measurable through the significant decline in the Gross Domestic Product, or PIB (Producto Interno Bruto), of major world powers, specifically affecting Germany (Alemania), France (Francia), and England (Inglaterra). The contraction of these economies led to severe social repercussions that altered the lives of millions. These consequences included widespread poverty (pobreza) and massive unemployment (desempleo). Furthermore, the period was marked by high inflation, which devalued daily resources, and spurred significant waves of migration as people fled economic hardship. Ultimately, the cumulative stress of the economic collapse and the resulting lack of resources led to an increased rate of death (muerte) across the affected populations.