Bacterial Transformation

A plasmid is a small, round bacterial DNA molecule.

There are 5 regions of a plasmid: Origin of replication, restriction site, promoter, gene, and antibiotic resistance.

Origin of replication is a DNA sequence that allows replication of the plasmid.

Restriction site is where the plasmid is cut and opened by restriction enzymes to insert the gene.

Promoter initiates transcription of the gene.

Gene is the desired gene inserted into the plasmid.

Antibiotic resistance selects bacteria that contains plasmids.

Recombinant DNA is DNA that is made from cutting a gene from one organism and joining it into the DNA of another organism.

Transformation is when a cell takes in DNA from outside and that DNA becomes part of the cell’s DNA.

LB nutrient agar/broth is a broth with nutrients used to grow bacteria.

Ampicillin is an antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections.

Arabinose is a five-carbon sugar that is used to treat diabetes and obesity.

Red fluorescent protein are genetically encoded markers that have a red light to locate proteins.

Competent cells are bacteria that are treated to modify their cell membranes and take up DNA for cloning, protein expression, etc.

Colony of bacteria shows as a visible cluster of microorganisms

Lawn of bacteria shows as a dense and uniform layer of bacteria.