LEC 1 histo
Flashcard 1
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Front: What are the three main zones of the lip?
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Back: Outer surface (skin), inner surface (mucous membrane), and vermilion zone (lip margin)1
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Bloom’s Level: Remember
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Context: Structure of the Lip
Flashcard 2
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Front: Describe the epithelium of the vermilion zone.
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Back: Very thin keratinized stratified squamous epithelium1
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Bloom’s Level: Understand
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Context: Vermilion zone
Flashcard 3
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Front: A patient presents with a dry, cracked lip. Which zone of the lip is likely affected, and why?
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Back: The vermilion zone, because it has no sweat or salivary glands and relies on saliva for moisture2
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Bloom’s Level: Apply
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Context: Vermilion zone
Flashcard 4
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Front: Compare the connective tissue of the inner surface of the lip to the vermilion zone.
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Back: The inner surface has loose connective tissue, while the vermilion zone has connective tissue rich in sensory nerves and blood capillaries1...
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Bloom’s Level: Analyze
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Context: Lip Structure
Flashcard 5
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Front: How does the structure of the tongue's mucous membrane contribute to its function?
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Back: The dense collagenous connective tissue (lamina propria) strongly adheres to the underlying muscular core, facilitating movement3
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Bloom’s Level: Understand
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Context: The Tongue
Flashcard 6
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Front: What are the two main areas of the tongue's dorsal surface and how do they differ?
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Back: The anterior two-thirds (papillary area) has lingual papillae, while the posterior third (tonsillar area) has lingual tonsils and no papillae3
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Bloom’s Level: Remember
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Context: The Tongue
Flashcard 7
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Front: What are the four types of lingual papillae?
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Back: Filiform, fungiform, foliate, and circumvallate4
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Bloom’s Level: Remember
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Context: The Lingual papillae
Flashcard 8
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Front: Which type of lingual papillae is most numerous and what is its primary function?
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Back: Filiform papillae, which provide a rough surface for movement of food during chewing5
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Bloom’s Level: Understand
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Context: Filiform papillae
Flashcard 9
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Front: A patient reports a loss of taste. Damage to which lingual papillae could cause this?
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Back: Damage to fungiform, foliate or circumvallate papillae could cause taste issues, as they contain taste buds5...
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Bloom’s Level: Apply
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Context: Lingual papillae
Flashcard 10
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Front: Compare and contrast the structure and function of filiform and circumvallate papillae.
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Back: Filiform are heavily keratinized, lack taste buds, and aid in food movement; circumvallate are non-keratinized, contain numerous taste buds, and have von Ebner glands5...
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Bloom’s Level: Analyze
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Context: Lingual papillae
Flashcard 11
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Front: Based on your understanding of the structure, justify why von Ebner's glands are located near the circumvallate papillae.
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Back: Their watery secretion dissolves food, which facilitates taste reception, since the circumvallate papillae have the most taste buds and are most important for taste7...
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Bloom’s Level: Evaluate
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Context: Circumvallate papillae
Flashcard 12
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Front: How would you classify taste buds in terms of their function and structure?
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Back: Chemoreceptors for taste, consisting of gustatory cells, supporting cells, and basal cells, with microvilli projecting into the taste pore8...
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Bloom’s Level: Understand
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Context: Taste buds
Flashcard 13
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Front: Where are the majority of taste buds located in humans?
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Back: Primarily on the lateral surface of the circumvallate papillae8
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Bloom’s Level: Remember
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Context: Taste Buds
Flashcard 14
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Front: If a drug inhibits taste bud turnover, what specific cells would be affected and why?
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Back: Basal cells would be affected as they are responsible for taste cell and supporting cell turnover9
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Bloom’s Level: Apply
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Context: Taste buds
Flashcard 15
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Front: What is the Waldeyer ring, and what is its function?
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Back: It is composed of the palatine, lingual, and adenoid tonsils and guards the entrance to the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts10
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Bloom’s Level: Remember
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Context: Lingual Tonsil
Flashcard 16
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Front: Describe the general structure of a salivary gland
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Back: Stroma (capsule, septa, reticular network) and parenchyma (secretory acini, branching ducts)10...
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Bloom’s Level: Understand
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Context: Salivary Glands
Flashcard 17
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Front: What are the three main types of salivary acini?
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Back: Serous, mucous, and mixed (seromucous)11...
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Bloom’s Level: Remember
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Context: Types of salivary acini
Flashcard 18
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Front: Compare and contrast serous and mucous acini in terms of their cell structure and function.
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Back: Serous cells are protein-secreting, pyramidal with basophilic cytoplasm, while mucous cells secrete mucins, are low columnar with pale cytoplasm11...
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Bloom’s Level: Analyze
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Context: Types of salivary acini
Flashcard 19
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Front: How do myoepithelial cells contribute to salivary gland function?
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Back: They contract to squeeze the acini and expel secretions13
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Bloom’s Level: Understand
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Context: Myoepithelial cells
Flashcard 20
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Front: What is the function of striated ducts in salivary glands?
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Back: They reabsorb sodium ions, making saliva hypotonic14
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Bloom’s Level: Remember
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Context: Duct system of salivary glands
Flashcard 21
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Front: A patient presents with dry mouth due to a salivary duct issue. Which specific type of duct might be dysfunctional to cause this and why?
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Back: The striated ducts, as they modify saliva's ion content, and dysfunction can lead to reduced saliva secretion14
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Bloom’s Level: Apply
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Context: Duct system of salivary glands
Flashcard 22
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Front: How do the structures of the intercalated and striated ducts relate to their functions?
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Back: Intercalated ducts are simple squamous/cuboidal for initial transport; striated ducts have basal infoldings and mitochondria for ion transport14...
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Bloom’s Level: Analyze
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Context: Duct system of salivary glands
Flashcard 23
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Front: Describe the structure and function of the parotid gland.
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Back: It is a pure serous gland that secretes α-amylase and proline-rich proteins16
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Bloom’s Level: Remember
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Context: Parotid Gland
Flashcard 24
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Front: Compare the secretions of the submandibular and sublingual glands.
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Back: Submandibular is mainly serous (α-amylase, lysozyme), while sublingual is mainly mucus, with some serous secretions (amylase, lysozyme)17
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Bloom’s Level: Analyze
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Context: Submandibular and Sublingual glands
Flashcard 25
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Front: Design a treatment plan for someone with a deficiency in proline rich proteins. Which glands and enzymes should be targetted?
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Back: The parotid gland and to a lesser extent the submandibular gland, which secretes proline-rich proteins, and should focus on drugs that will improve secretion16...
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Bloom’s Level: Create
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Context: Salivary Glands