Principles-of-Landscape-Gardening

Principles of Landscape Gardening

Introduction

  • Creators: Dr. Hemla Naik B, Mr. S.Y. Chandrashekhar

  • Moderator: Dr. M. Jawaharlal

Index

  1. Principles and Elements of Landscape Designs

  2. Garden Elements and Designs

  3. Propagation of Ornamental Plants

  4. Graphics and Symbols in Landscape Gardening

  5. Tools and Implements Used in Landscape Design

  6. Layout of Different Styles of Gardens

  7. Layout of Formal Types of Gardens

  8. Layout of Informal Gardens

  9. Layout of Special Types of Gardens

  10. Layout of Rock Garden and Gravel Garden

  11. Roof Gardening

  12. Paved Garden

  13. Marsh or Bog Garden

  14. Landscaping of Places of Public Importance

  15. Designing of Greenhouse, Conservatory, and Lathe House

  16. Gardening of Public Places

Practical 1: Principles and Elements of Landscape Designs

  • Definition of Landscape: Any area that can be shaped into a view or design.

  • Landscape Gardening: Application of gardening methods to improve landscapes.

  • Landscape Architecture: The art of designing landscapes.

Key Considerations in Gardening:

  1. Original design reflecting local environment.

  2. Avoid overcrowding of plants.

  3. Utilize natural topography.

  4. Achieve harmony among different components.

  5. Determine garden purpose: utility or beauty.

Practical 2: Garden Elements and Designs

Major Elements:

  • Plants: Aesthetic and functional purposes.

    • Aesthetic uses include avenue planting, flower beds, shrubs.

    • Functional uses include pollution control, noise reduction, habitat provision.

  • Water: Aesthetic (fountains, reflecting pools) and functional (plant nourishment).

Minor and Other Elements:

  • Minor elements include stones, bricks, wood, metal; these create aesthetics and structure.

  • Other sensory elements: sound (water features), aroma (aromatic plants), touch (textures).

Basic Patterns in Garden Design

  1. Circular pattern: Used in both formal and informal gardens.

  2. Diagonal pattern: Draws a grid line at a 45° angle.

  3. Rectangular pattern: Utilized for formal gardens.

Practical 3: Propagation of Ornamental Plants

  • Methods: Sexual (by seeds) and Asexual (vegetative parts).

    • Sexual propagation: Results may vary from parent plants; depends on viability conditions.

    • Asexual propagation: Techniques include cuttings, layering, division.

Techniques:

  • Cuttings: Stem cuttings - softwood, semi-hardwood, hardwood.

  • Layering: Methods such as simple, compound, trench, and mound layering.

Practical 4: Graphics and Symbols in Landscape Designing

  • Graphic Language: Uses sketches for communication.

  • Landscape Drawing: Designs must include dimensions and development methods.

Drawing Equipment:

  • T-square, set-square, protractor: For accurate measurements.

  • Drafting machines: For ease in producing drawings.

Practical 5: Tools and Implements Used in Landscape Gardening

  • Importance of selecting the right tool for efficiency.

Common Tools:

  • Axe, pruning saw, hand trowel: For cutting and planting tasks.

  • Sprayers and dusters: For pest control and irrigation.

Practical 6: Layout of Different Styles of Gardens

Styles:

  1. Formal Gardens: Geometrical patterns, symmetry.

  2. Informal Gardens: Natural arrangement without strict rules.

  3. Wild Gardens: Promote natural growth, planting without formalism.

Practical 7: Layout of Formal Types of Gardens

Important Styles:

  1. Italian Gardens: Heavy masonry, elegant features.

  2. French Gardens: Intricate designs, emphasis on scale and detail.

  3. Persian Gardens: Formal, water-centric designs.

  4. Mughal Gardens: Combination of architecture and nature in design.

Practical 8: Layout of Informal Gardens

  • English Gardens: Merged with nature, focus on scenic quality.

  • Japanese Gardens: Peaceful, timeless designs emphasizing natural elements.

Practical 9: Layout of Shade, Sunken, and Terrace Gardens

  • Shade Gardens: Use of plants that thrive under tree canopies.

  • Terrace Gardens: Gardens on roofs, need for excellent drainage.

Practical 10: Layout of Rock Garden and Gravel Garden

  • Rock Gardens: Arranging rocks and plants naturally.

  • Gravel Gardens: Use as a sustainable, low-maintenance garden design.

Practical 11: Layout of Roof Gardening

  • Challenges of limited depth and drainage management.

Practical 12: Layout of Paved Garden

  • Uses suitable plants that can withstand foot traffic.

Practical 13: Layout of Marsh or Bog Garden

  • Conditions for maintaining wetland plants in gardens.

Practical 14: Landscaping of Places of Public Importance

  • Importance of trees along highways for shade and beauty.

  • Infrastructure landscaping for stations and terminals.

Additional Structure and Ornamental Features

  • Recommendations for popular public places like schools, factories, etc.

  • Importance of beautification for comfort and utility.

Practical 15: Gardening of Public Places

  • Involvement of historical and religious sites in landscaping.