Bio Evolution Unit Review
1 | Embryological Evidence | Shows that organisms that have a closer genetic relationship to one another tend to look similar for a longer period of time during fetal development. |
2 | Gene Flow | The increase in variation via two interacting populations |
3 | Natural Selection | The process by which organisms with variations most suited to their local environment survive and leave more offspring. |
4 | Geological Isolation | These populations do not mate because they cannot reach each other due to a natural barrier |
5 | Crossing Over | The increase in variation via chromosomal changes during meiosis |
6 | Anatomical Evidence | Shows how multiple organisms are related structurally and functionally, implying the evolved to become more similar or different depending on their environments. |
7 | Variation | Differences between the members of a population |
8 | Behavioral Isolation | When populations are unable to mate because they do not understand each other's actions. |
9 | Monogamy | One to One reproduction. |
10 | Mimicry | pretending to be something else that is more dangerous. |
11 | Species | A group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of exchanging genes or interbreeding. |
12 | Genetic Drift | Variation in the relative frequency of different genotypes in a small population, owing to the chance disappearance of particular genes as individuals die or do not reproduce |
13 | Camouflage | Blending in with your background. |
14 | Reproduction | Creation of new, viable offspring |
15 | Evolution | The change in the characteristics of a species over several generations, relies on the process of natural selection. |
16 | Mechanical/Chemical Isolation | When populations do not reproduce because the differences in the makeups of the reproductive system may be too great to produce offspring |
17 | Founder Effect | A decrease in variation via small group of organisms wandering off from their population and beginning a new population (with a more limited gene pool |
18 | Fossil | the remains or impression of a prehistoric organism preserved in petrified form or as a mold or cast in rock. |
19 | Disruptive Selection | A shift in the allele frequency in a population that favors both extremes |
20 | Ecological Isolation | When a population splits and half go to one ecosystem while the other goes to another ecosystem. These new ecosystems present new and different challenges. The two populations adapt to their new environments and change in the process. Eventually they differ so much they can’t even mate anymore |
21 | Homologous Structures | Structures on organisms that share a similar makeup, but serve different functions |
22 | Adaptation | Any heritable characteristic that increases an organism’s ability to survive and reproduce in its environment |
23 | Intrasexual Selection | Sexual competition within the same sex. Usually two males fight, whoever wins gets the female |
24 | DNA Evidence | Shows that organisms that are closely related will have much more similar DNA. |
25 | Polyandry | One female, multiple male partners |
26 | Vestigial Structures | Structures that were once important but are no longer functional. Implies we evolved to no longer use certain parts of us |
27 | Stabilizing Selection | A shift in the allele frequency in a population that favors neither extreme |
28 | Speciation | The formation of a new species |
29 | Fossil Evidence | Shows how a specific organism's body structure has changed over time, implying it has evolved. |
30 | Population Bottleneck | A decrease in variation via some sort of event severely limiting the populations survival, decreases the total amount and overall gene pool. |
31 | Finch Beaks | Darwin's original example of natural selection. |
32 | Fitness | An organism's ability to survive in its environment |
33 | Analogous Structures | Structures on different organisms that have very different makeup, but the same function |
34 | Temporal Isolation | These populations do not mate because of different timing expectations (mating seasons or time of day). |
35 | Mutations | The increase in genetic variation via small, random changes in the genetic code. Can have good or bad consequences |
36 | Heritability | The ability or a trait to be passed on genetically |
37 | Gene Pool | The collection of genes in a given population |
38 | Directional Selection | A shift in the allele frequency in a population that favors an extreme |
39 | Polygyny | One male, multiple female partners |
40 | Intersexual Selection | Sexual competition between sexes. Usually a male tries to impress a female until she chooses to mate with him |
41 | Trait | A characteristic that can be passed down to offspring |