Unit 5: Civil War - Factors Contributing to Union Victory

South:
- Defensive war
- Experienced military generals (Robert E. Lee, Stonewall Jackson)
North:
- Larger population (4x the South)
- Robust navy
- Economic advantage (banks, manufacturing, 70% of railroads)
- Well-established central government

North: Modernized production, barons of industry (Carnegie, Rockefeller)
South: Relied on tariffs and taxes, struggled financially due to Union blockades

South: Resistance to war tax due to states' rights
North: New York City draft riots in 1863 due to the ability for the wealthy to pay $300$ to avoid being drafted

Fort Sumter: Confederate attack on Union suppliers initiated the war.
First Battle of Bull Run: Confederate victory demonstrated the war would not be short.

Union: Anaconda Plan (naval blockade, control of Mississippi River)
Confederacy: Sought foreign help (Britain, France) based on cotton exports, but support did not materialize

Improved Leadership: Generals like Ulysses S. Grant
Strategy: Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation
- Changed the scope of the war to include eradicating slavery.
- Encouraged enslaved people to escape to Union lines.
- Discouraged British support for the South.
Key Battle Victories: Battle of Vicksburg
- Union gained control of the Mississippi, splitting the Confederacy.
Devastation of South's Infrastructure:
- Sherman's march to the sea destroyed railroads and resources.