definitions to abnormality

Abnormality refers to behaviours or characteristics that deviate from what is considered normal. There are four main definitions:

1. Statistical Infrequency

  • Behaviour is abnormal if it is rare or uncommon

  • Based on the normal distribution curve

  • Example: very low IQ (<70)

2. Deviation from Social Norms

  • Behaviour is abnormal if it violates societal expectations

  • Norms vary across cultures and time

  • Example: antisocial or inappropriate behaviour

3. Failure to Function Adequately

  • Abnormality occurs when a person cannot cope with everyday life

  • Marie Jahoda suggested signs such as:

    • Distress

    • Maladaptive behaviour

    • Irrationality

4. Deviation from Ideal Mental Health

  • Marie Jahoda proposed criteria for “normality”:

    • Positive self-attitude

    • Resistance to stress

    • Autonomy

    • Accurate perception of reality

Failure to meet these criteria = abnormality.