Lecture Notes Flashcards

Daycare is correlated with better immunity.
BMI: Obese children are at risk for lifelong social, emotional, and physical problems.
Adult-organized youth sports: More children of high SES participate.
Rough play is good for boys; it helps establish dominance.
$1/3$ of schools no longer require recess.

Ted talk about PISA: The US was top in the 1960s but has now fallen significantly.
Tests:
- Can students think critically?
- Does SES impact how well people are testing?

Coregulation: Letting children take charge of moment-by-moment decision-making.
African American dads are more involved.
Maternal employment: If moms enjoy work and stay committed to parenting, best outcomes for children.
Divorce: Negatively impacts children but is better than staying in an unhealthy relationship.
Mother-stepfather is the most common blended family; boys adjust faster than girls.
Peer acceptance and self-esteem:
- Categories of acceptance: popular, rejected, controversial, neglected, and average.
- Peer acceptance is correlated with current and later psychological adjustment.
- 4 broad self-evaluations: academic competence, social, athletic, physical appearance.
- Physical appearance is correlated with overall self-esteem.

Regular, sustained physical activity is correlated with lasting health benefits.
Girls' puberty usually ends before guys'.
Early-maturing girls: unpopular, insecure.
Early-maturing boys: popular, confident.
Late-maturing girls: popular, positive body image.
Late-maturing boys: unpopular, playful, emotional difficulties.
Who talks to you about puberty: mom, dad, friends.

Imaginary audience: self-consciousness, thinking everyone is looking at you.
Personal fable: telling the story of your life and how it's going; can be correlated with depression.
Boys tend to have better spatial abilities.
Girls tend to have better reading and writing abilities.
Girls are talked to more than boys from birth.
School transitions: grades decline with each new transition to a new school.
Social changes with different schools and sports teams.
Factors associated with better adjustment:
- Parental involvement.
- Monitoring.
- Emphasis on mastery instead of grades.
- Having close friends.
Schools that house K-8 are ideal.
Having $15+%$ of the student body of the same ethnicity is ideal.

Factors that foster resilience in adolescence:
- Problem-solving.
- Parental monitoring.
- Close friends.
- Balance between family connection and separation (list 3).
Erikson: identity vs. role confusion.
Conformity to peer pressure: Maslow says you can’t figure out who you are until you have found your people.
$15-20\%$ of adolescents experience depression.
Females are more likely to report depressed mood.
Boys are 4x more likely to commit suicide.
Suicide is the 2nd leading cause of death among adolescents.