Section 12_05

Ling200 Section AA/AD Final Exam Review

Exam Details

• Exam Date: December 11 (Wednesday)

• Open Time: 12:01 am

• Close Time: 11:59 pm

• Duration: 110 minutes once started

• Structure: Approx. 62 questions (includes 3 bonus questions)

• Exam Type: Cumulative and closed-note

Questions and Concepts Covered in Review

Polling Questions

• Concept of Senses and Referents:

  • How many senses and referents does "team W captain" have?

    • Options include:

      • 0 senses and 0 referents

      • 1 sense and 0 referents

      • 1 sense and multiple referents

      • Multiple senses and 1 referent

Hypernym and Hyponym Concepts

• Fill in the Blanks Exercise:

  • Structure: beverage is a ___ of coffee; coffee is a ___ of beverage; tea is a ___ of coffee

  • Options: hypernym, hyponym, synonym or sister term

Antonyms and Relationships in Language

• Complimentary Antonyms:

  • "Occupied" and "vacant"

• Converse Antonyms:

  • "Lend" and "borrow"

Entailment Relationships:

• Example Sentences: A) The family vacationed in Sydney B) The family vacationed in Australia

  • Types of entailments include:

    • A entails B

    • B entails A

    • They are paraphrases

    • No entailment

Theories of Language Acquisition

• Children positing the word "drang" as past tense form of "dringing" discusses:

  • Evidence against the following theories:

    • Innateness hypothesis

    • Imitation theory

    • Active construction of grammar theory

    • Social interaction theory

Stages of Language Acquisition

• An example where a child says "daddy eat cookie" illustrates:

  • Instances of holophrases, telegraphic speech, and the two-word stage.

• Question on Order of Acquisition:

  • Correct progression:

    • Babbling > Holophrases > Two-word stage > Telegraphic speech > Over-generalizations

Minimal Pair Identification in American Sign Language (ASL)

• Determines the contrastive nature along parameters including handshape, movement, location, and palm orientation.

Aphasia Types

• Identifies behaviors of a person with Broca's aphasia:

  • Likely to exhibit many lexical errors and lack of function words and morphemes, despite having good comprehension.

Phonetics and Phonology

• Complementary Distribution:

  • True/False: Two sounds are in complementary distribution if they occur in the same environment.

• Sound Differentiation:

  • Example identifying differences between [b] and [m].

Features of Language

• Distinguishing by features as per Hockett's design features:

  • Examples include interchangeability, semanticity, and cultural transmission.

Morphological Processes in ASL

• Compounding and blending demonstrated with signs, such as COFFIN being a combination of DEAD and BOX.

Social Linguistics

• Factors such as gender, ethnicity, and age correlate with language use.

• Descriptive rules of English grammar clarify standard forms vs. non-standard forms like those found in Received Pronunciation.

Allomorph Distribution

• Data set exercise involving determining the correct use of articles "a" and "an" depending on the following sound and phonetic environments.

Conclusion of Concepts

• Understanding interpersonal constructs in linguistic applications, including arguments vs. adjuncts, verb types, and the principle of compositionality regarding meaning in sentences.