Colonization Vocab

Colonization

Vocabulary List #1

1. Renaissance – Flowering of art, culture, and humanism in Central Europe.

2. Columbus – Opened the New World to Europe

3. Henry the Navigator – Portuguese Prince who funded aviation and sailing

(Exploration not possible to New World w/out him)

4. Balboa – Spanish explorer who reached and named the Pacific Ocean

5. Magellan – Led the 1st voyage ever to circumnavigate the globe

(Died in the Philippines – his crew finished the voyage)

6. Cortes – Spanish soldier who conquered the Aztec Empire

7. Pizzaro – Spanish conquistador who conquered the Incan Empire

8. Henry Hudson – Explored coast of NY and Atlantic for the Dutch and English

9. Champlain – French explorer who colonized eastern Canada

(French Canada = Quebec/Montreal)

10 Joint Stock Company – Group/pool of private investors who put up $ to find New World colonies

(Rarely profitable)

11. Jamestown (1607) – 1st permanent English settlement in colonial America

12. John Smith – 2nd leader of Jamestown who prevented it from dying

13. John Rolfe – Colonist of Jamestown who married Pocahontas and created modern tobacco

14. Royal Colony – Colony that is run by a Royal Governor

15. Proprietary Colony – Colony run by 1 private person

(ex: Pennsylvania = William Penn = Quaker paradise)

16. Separatists/Pilgrims – People who wanted to separate from the Church of England (Anglican Church)

(Pilgrims (1792)

17. Puritans – Wanted to purify the Church of England of everything Catholic

Colonization

Vocabulary List #1

SEPARATISTS PURITANS BOTH

-Pilgrims (1792) came into popular use

-Did not want to wait for change in the

church; Anglican establishment so corrupt

they must create their own independent

church

-Kicked out of England THEN

Holland/Netherlands b/c Dutch society

seducing their children

-Mayflower Compromise

-Plymouth Colony (Plymouth Rock)

-Myth of Thanksgiving

-Also Separatists, but more radical

-Theocracy

-Rulers ruled via divine right

-Pure life necessary to do will of

God

-Had faith the Church of England

would eventually change/purify

-Massachusetts Bay Colony

-Eventually absorbed Plymouth

-Considered themselves English

Colonies

-Bible = Final authority

BUT Separatists had some

separation between Church &

State = ex. Marriage is civil not

religious (Puritans thought

religious)

-Head of church should not be

monarch but religious figure

18. Myles Standish / John Carver – 1st leaders of Plymouth Colony

19. William Bradford – Early leader of Plymouth who left diaries describing the society

20. Mayflower Compact – 1st set of English laws in colonial America

21. John Winthrop – Gov. of Mass Bay Colony who envisioned a “City on a Hill”

22. Mass Bay Colony – Largest colony and Puritan theocracy

23. Great Migration – 1st mass movement of Europeans to the New World

(Various reasons = economic, religious, etc.)