Geography

Biome

Tundra

Chaparral

Tropical Rainforest

Desert

Boreal Forest

Temperate Deciduous Forest

Economic development

Development of land for mining,

The number of tourist attracted by

farming and energy will lead to jobs

rainforests could decrease

both directly (construction and

Pollution of some water sources and

farming) and indirectly (supply and

an increasing dry climate may result

support industries).

in wate

Minerals such as gold are very plants that could bring huge medical valuable benefits and high profits may become improved transport infrastructure extinct opens up new areas for industrial development and tourism.

farming land), could cause harmful hydro electric power will provide pollution. They can burn out of cheap and plentiful energy control, destroying cast areas of valuable rainforests.

Loss of biodiversity

Biodiversity is a measure of the variety of plants and animals that in a particular ecosystem.

Rainforests are the most biodiversity ecosystems in the world.

Deforestation destroys the ecosystem and the many habitats that exists on the ground and in the trees. This reduces biodiversity.

White-cheeked spider monkeys, which feed on fruits high in the forest canopy, are endangered because of the expansion of farmland and road building. The population of Brazilian bare-faced

Tamarins (type of monkey) has halved in 18 years, as cities, agriculture and cattle ranching have pushed into the rainforest. The endangered giant otter, found in the slow-moving rivers and swamps of the Amazon, faces water pollution from agricultural runoff and mining operations in the area

Big Challenge

Notes

Malnutrition

• 1 in 3 people suffer from malnutrition

• 2 billion people with micronutrient deficiencies

• 2 billion overweight over weight or obese.

• 800 million people suffer from chronic hunger
   

World population growth

• 9.7 billion people by 2025

• Most of this growth will be in Africa

• Population growth + shifting diets = produce 60% more food by 2050
  
  
   

Rural poverty

• 700 million people below the poverty line and 70% of them live in rural areas.

• Agriculture productivity growth = poverty reduction.

• 
   

Variations of food availability across regions

• Amartya Sen won the Nobel prize for Famines.

•  

Food losses or waste

• 1/3 of food produced is waster

• US$1 Trillion worth

• 8% GHG emissions
   

Environmental impacts of agriculture

• Contributes to 25% of GHGs

• Occupies 33% of global land surface

• Use 70% of global fresh water for agriculture purposes

Climate change

• Increases temperature, fluctuating rainfall patters, extreme events( droughts , floods).

• Our agriculture systems have been based on specific climatic conditions over hundreds of years.

• Many crop yields will be reduced.

• Some crops will not be viable where they have traditionally been grown.
   

BASIS FOR COMPARISON

INTENSIVE FARMING

EXTENSIVE FARMING

Meaning

Intensive Farming refers to an agricultural system, wherein there is high level use of labor and capital, in comparison to the land area.

Extensive Farming is a farming technique, in which large farms are being cultivated, with relatively lower inputs, i.e. capital and labor.

Population

It is practiced in densely populated region.

It is practiced in moderately populated region.

Land holding

Small and expensive

Large and inexpensive

Farmland

Near to the market

Remotely located

Per hectare output

Large

Small