Biology A Semester 1 Final Exam Review

Unit One: Organ Systems & Homeostasis

  • Driving Question: Effects of exercise on body changes and return to homeostasis.

  • HS-LS1-2: Model the hierarchical organization of systems in multicellular organisms.

  • HS-LS1-3: Investigate feedback mechanisms for homeostasis.

  • Key Ideas:

    • Biological Levels: Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organ Systems, Organisms

    • Body changes during exercise

    • Respiratory & Circulatory Systems: Structures & Functions

    • Diffusion & Osmosis

    • Feedback loops

    • Homeostasis

Unit Two: Biochemistry

  • Driving Question: Impact of diet on biology.

  • HS-LS1-6: Explain how elements combine from sugar to form amino acids/large molecules.

  • Key Ideas:

    • Biomolecules: Types, Composition, Monomers, Uses

    • Monomers/Polymers

    • Dehydration Synthesis & Hydrolysis

    • Enzymes: Structures, Functions, Influencing Factors

    • Digestive System: Parts & Processes

Unit Three: Cellular Energy

  • Driving Question: Origin of mass loss and gain in organisms.

  • HS-LS1-5: Model photosynthesis as a transformation of energy.

  • HS-LS1-7: Model cellular respiration for energy transfer.

  • Key Ideas:

    • Matter Movement, Change; Energy Change

    • Photosynthesis: Inputs, Outputs, Changes

    • Cellular Respiration: Inputs, Outputs, Changes

    • Aerobic vs. Anaerobic Respiration

    • Producers and Consumers

    • ATP Cycle

Unit Four: Energy Flow & Nutrient Cycles

  • Driving Question: Matter and energy in Great Lakes food web.

  • HS-LS2-4: Cycling of matter and energy flow in ecosystems.

  • HS-LS2-5: Role of photosynthesis and cellular respiration in carbon cycling.

  • Key Ideas:

    • Food Webs

    • Energy Flow

    • Matter Cycling

    • Trophic Pyramids: Energy Transfer (10% rule)

    • Biomagnification

    • Carbon Cycle

Unit Five: Interdependence in Ecosystems & Human Impact

  • Driving Question: Historical changes in Great Lakes food web.

  • Key Ideas:

    • Population Growth: Exponential vs. Logistic

    • Carrying Capacity

    • Limiting Factors: Density Dependent vs. Independent

    • Population Dynamics: Dispersion, Density

    • Species Interactions: Predator/Prey, Symbiosis, Competition

    • Trophic Cascade

    • Biodiversity, Keystone Species

    • Invasive Species