PUBLIC SPEAKING

PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION: PUBLIC SPEAKING

I. What is Public Speaking
 It's a presentation that's given live before an audience.
 The goal of the speech may be to educate, entertain, or influence the listeners.
 Visual aids in the form of an electronic slideshow.
 A public speaking presentation is different from an online presentation.

A. The Importance of Public Speaking
 Major role in education, government, and business
 Inform, persuade, educate, and even entertain.
 Some benefits to speaking in public include:

  • Improves confidence, better research skills, stronger deductive skills, ability to advocate for causes.
  • Important for businesses to market their offers

How to Become Better at Public Speaking (5 Quick Tips)

  1. Writing the speech
  2. overcoming a fear of speaking
  3. practicing the speech
  4. preparing your presentation slide designs
  5. giving the speech

ARGUMENTATIVE COMMUNICATION
• Modern approach to making decisions consider real argumentations where rational communicators do the “The New Literacy Set” Project 2015-2017 best they can justify their standpoints in a certain context
• It is the art of persuading based on reason, facts, and not emotions.

\
THREE TYPES OF ARGUMENTATIVE COMMUNICATION
1.) DEBATING
2.) ARGUMENTING
3.) AUDIENCE

ARGUMENTATION THEORY
EXAMPLES OF ARGUMENTATIVE COMMUNICATION

  • DEBATE
  • CONTEST
  • DELIBERATION

  \

INFORMATIVE COMMUNICATION •

A pro-active approach rather than a reactive or ad hoc response as issues crop up.

Informative communication arises out of three deep impulses according to Osborn (2009)

Three deep Impulses:

  1. We seek to expand our awareness of the word around us.
  2. We seek to become more competent.
  3. We have an abiding curiosity about how things work and how they are made.

Notes when preparing for an Informative exchange.
 Am I knowledgeable enough of my topic to help my receivers understand the topic
 Research what the audience already know about the topic
 What your audience need to know
 Make sure to be informative

Examples of Informative Communication
 Reports
 Lectures
 Training seminars
 Demonstrations

\
PERSUASIVE COMMUNICATION
It Is basically a communication that is aimed at creating reinforcing or changing people beliefs or action

DO’S AND DON’TS IN PERSUASIVE COMMUNICATION
DO’S

  1. Know your audience
  2. Get the audience attention
  3. Tailor the message to the medium
  4. Convey the benefits

DON’TS

  1. Never rely on a great argument
  2. Never make a hard sales pitch
  3. Never take an “all or nothing” stance
  4. Don’t believe you have only one chance

\
A. TYPES OF SPEECH
Manuscript
The verbalization of a written message word for word is known as manuscript speaking. Except when using visual assistance, the speaker in a manuscript speech keeps his or her eyes on the written page.

The Five stages of Writing a Manuscript

  1. Brainstorming
  2. Drafting
  3. Revising
  4. Editing
  5. Proofreading

Impromptu
Speaking on the spot or without prior planning is known as impromptu speaking. When someone is invited to "speak a few words" or make a toast on a significant occasion, impromptu speeches frequently take place.

Extemporaneous Speech
 without planning
 considered a synonym for the word impromptu.
 well-prepared speech that relies on research, clear organization, and practiced delivery.
 neither read nor memorized
 higher level of spontaneity
 more depth, and therefore are generally the preferred method for speech delivery.

\
Elements of an Effective Extemporaneous Speech
 The first thing about giving a speech is to talk about something that is worthy to be discussed. One should talk about up-to-date and interesting topics when it comes to speech.
 Give your speech passionately. You need to show your audience that you are sincere with your ideas and you believe in what you're saying.
 It is important not to try and imitate the speaking style of other speakers because this can come across as artificial.

\
Disadvantages of Extemporaneous Speech
 It can be haunting for people with public fear.
 Lack of preparation due to any reason can lead to nervousness and confusion.
 One may use inappropriate words according to the context when giving this type of speech.
 Advantages of Extemporaneous Speech
 It keeps the audience engaged because of their naturality.
 A well-prepared extemporaneous speech is very interesting and informative.
 In this type of speech, the speaker can also engage the audience and thus can make it more interesting.

\
Practice and Rehearsal Tips
 Write an easy-to-follow speech outline
 Create index cards to act as cues to keep you on track throughout your speech.
 Never read from your index cards unless you’re reading a direct quotation or a statistic.
 Rehearse with your graphic technology and/or other visual aids and coordinate them with your talk.
 Display images from your graphic technology and/or other visual aids only when you are talking about them.
 Develop your conversational speaking style.
 Rehearse in front of others and solicit feedback.
 Record and listen to a timed version of your practice speech.
 Prepare for your entire speech

\
MEMORIZED SPEECH
 speaker commits an entire speech to memory
 harms relation with the audience
 if you lose your place and need to ad lib, it may be obvious to your audience.
 delivering a speech from memory is that you’re likely to sound rehearsed or, worse yet, like you’re reading.

\
Remember: It’s possible to memorize and deliver a speech with vocal variety and a sense of audience connection, but to do so you need to pay special attention to the following:

  1. Interactivity
       Rather than talking "at" your audience, it's important to be viewed as speaking "with" your audience.
  2. Eye Contact
       people who avoid eye contact when speaking are viewed in a negative light, as withholding information and lacking in general confidence.
       People who make eye contact, even if only briefly, are seen as respectful and courteous.
  3. Voice
       Speak naturally, but loud enough to be heard by all the members of the audience
  4. Gestures
       avoid any gestures that seem to rehearsed, out of nervousness or habit, that may distract the audience from the message.

   \

Disadvantages of Memorized Speech
 When reading a manuscript speech, it’s extremely difficult to maintain eye contact and remain conversational
 reciting a speech from memory is a bit like making an internal audio recording
 stress of losing your place can become overwhelming, causing you to forget the rest of what you’re expected to deliver

\
Advantages of Memorized Speech
 when you memorize your speech, you are more easily able to make eye contact and to stay in touch with your audience

 Once you’ve committed your entire speech to memory and know exactly what’s coming next, you can also focus more attention on the audience.

\
Tips for Delivering Memorized Speeches
 Develop an outline of the main points and then memorize the outline.
 When writing the speech, write as if you were speaking naturally, directly to an audience.
 If delivering the same speech to different audiences over time, memorize the individual sections and then weave them together for each occasion.
 If you forget a word or two or a small section, just continue speaking.

\
PRINCIPLES OF SPEECH
ARTICULATION
Pronouncing the words and speaking with clear diction that effectively transmits the message of the speaker.
 Reading the speech
 Tongue twisters
MODULATION
The capability to adjust or manipulate the resonance and timbre of the vocal tone.
 Always convey your message with the variation in the pitch and tempo. Never deliver your speech in a monotone as it will not only bore but also send your audience to sleep.
 Speak at a rate so that your audience can understand you because fast delivery betrays a lack of confidence.
 Speak normally at about 125 to 150 words per minute. Check your speed and try to bring it within this range.
 Pronounce words properly, putting stresses at the right syllables.
 Refrain from vocalized pauses and nasalization such as 'er', 'ah', 'unh', 'umm', etc.
STAGE PRESENCE – ability to “own” the stage
o Appearance
o Attitude
o Tone
o Space
FACIAL EXPRESSIONS – visible symbols of speech
o Avoid planning
o Be natural
MOVEMENTS – bodily actions that does not distract audience from the speech
Don’t be a:
o statue
o pacer
o swayer
GESTURES – purposive movements of some parts of the body (usually hands)
Can be classified as:
o descriptive
o symbolic
o locative
o emphatic
o transitional
o dramatic
STAGE FRIGHT – fear of speaking in front of a group of people.

  • can also be called performance anxiety
      o shaky hands
      o dry mouth
      o sweaty hands
      o fast pulse
      How to manage stage fright
      o Practice diaphragmatic breathing
      o Accept that being nervous is normal
      o Involve your listeners
      o Concentrate on what you are saying, not how you are saying it
      o Prepare and understand your topic

\