Paper 3 (HL)

-refer to stimulus material

1a) identify method (3)

1b) sampling methods (3)

1c) suggest and alternative method (similar) (3)

Consent/confidentiality

Anonymity

Right to withdraw

Deception

Undue stress and harm

Debrief

2b) Ethics (6)

-in stimulus the study may mention what they have done, we should mention them. Then mention what they haven’t done for full 6 marks.

3c) Generalisability (9)

either;

-how could researchers avoid bias

-how credible credibility

-how reliable are the results

-generalisability

BIAS

one way to avoid bias…

single blind- researcher knows treatment groups

double blind-neither researcher nor participants know treatment groups

stops researchers from tampering with stuff, reaserch bias

-randomisation reduce bias

allocation to treatment groups minimises reaserch bias

random sampling , in theory this eliminates selection bias, control and treatment groups may not be equal (higher representation in some)

-observer bias (ways to reducing in quantitative)

assign random subjects

bond studies

assign multiple observers

train observers

standardise the procedures and protocols

use double blind studies

be diligent while running the experiment

qualitative

case study reaserch

record keeping

focus group

use of leading questions

how can be avoid a leaning question

have a peer or college to review

conduct a series of pilot interviews and ask participants about weather they felt coerced

use an unstructured interview in which there are no preplanned questioned

personal reflexivity

-this is when a reasercher thinks carefully about their own value belief and opinions

the reasercher considers carefully

epistemological reflexivity

does trawy the reaserch was carried out to influence the findings

the relationship of an interviewer

peer review

the process which scholars assess the quality and accuracy of one another reaserch papers

reasercher triangulation