Module 11-Studying the Brain and Older Stuctures

  • aNTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND- GROth hormone

  • Posterior pituitary gland- Vasopressin (constricts blood vessels, increases blood pressure.)

  • Thyroid-thyroxine and Triiodothyronine (increases metabolic rate, growth and maturation)

  • Parathyroid- parathyroid hormone increases blood calcium and decreases potassium

  • pancreas-insulin

  • Adrenal glands-epinephrin and norepinephrine

  • Ovaries and testes

    Disorders

  • Diabetes, Dwarfism/Gigantsim, hypo/hyperthyroidism

    • What physical problems do these disorders cause

    • what emotional problems do these disorders cause

    • what treatments are available for these disorders

Activity

  • Tools page 98-101

    • Electroencephalogram (EEG)

      • a test that measures electrical activity in the brain.

        • used to diagnose elphosy, sleep disorders, and

    • Magnetoencephalography (MEG)

      • A technique that measures magnetic fields from the brain’s natural electrical activity

    • Computed tomography (CT)

      • A machine that scans the brain by making X-ray photographs that can reveal; brain damage

    • Positron emission tomography (PET)

      • A machine that scans the brain and depicts brain activity by showing each brain area’s consumption of its chemical fuel, the sugar glucose

        • measures the brain activity and affects changes in metabolic processes related to mental disorders

    • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

      • A brain scan involves putting the person’s head into a strong magnetic field, which aligns the spinning atoms of brain molecules.

        • used to identify structural abnormalities in the brain, such as those related to schizophrenia or bipolar disorder

    • Functional MRI

      • A special application of MRI that can reveal the brain’s functioning as well as its structure

        • Used to map brain activity during cognitive tasks, helping to understand which brain areas are involved in specific mental processes.

NOTES

  • The Brainstem

    • Medulla-heartbeat and breathing

    • pons-coordinates movement

    • Cross wiring point

  • Thamnus

    • Pair of eg shaped structures

    • On top of the brainstem

    • Sensory control center

    • Receives all senses except smell

    • Routes to high brain-switching station

    • Receives some msgs back from the higher brain directs to medulla and cerebellum

  • The Reticular Formation-arousal, dreaming??

  • The Cerebellum—” little brain”

    • Rear of brainstem

    • Processes sensory input

    • coordinate movement

    • Balance

    • Enables nonverbal learning and memory

    • Path to class??

Limbic System

  • Amygdala—emotional responses, esp aggression

  • Hypothalamus—body maintenance (eating, drinking, temperature) and helps to govern the endocrine system via the pituitary. Linked to emotion and reward.

  • Hippocampus-enables us to form memeries. Damage to this part of the brain does not allow new memories to form.