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Brain imaging studies show that portions of the visual system are specialized for this kind of holistic expert recognition, particularly a region of the fusiform gyrus. The “fusiform face area” (FFA) is in the right hemisphere is particularly important for perceiving faces.

prosopagnosia: A syndrome in which individuals lose their ability to recognize faces and to make other fine-grained discriminations within a highly familiar category, even though their other visual abilities seem intact.