CREATIVE NON FICTION MIDTERM'S REVIEWER

CREATIVITY

  • any act, idea or product that changes or transforms an existing domain into a new one.

  • an idea or an action that is new and valuable.

CREATIVE PRODUCT

Creativity -> Creative Person -> Creative Process

CREATIVE PERSON

  • is the primordial force of creativity.

2 MAJOR KINDS OF THINKING STYLES

In the 1950s, an American learning psychologist, J. P. Guilford

  • CONVERGENT

  • Focusing on the most effective and efficient ways to approach a problem or an objective.

  • DIVERGENT

  • “Diverging" or moving away from the accepted and traditional approaches in order to generate new possibilities.

CREATIVE WRITING

  • a kind of writing that uses language in imaginative and bold ways

  • a fictional kind of writing and may take the form of poetry, short story, novel, and play

CREATIVE NONFICTION

  • prose writing about real people, places, and events

  • largely concerned with factual information

  • Names, places, dates, objects, quotations and other concrete objects in the written account can be verified from other sources.

  • OTHER NAMES:

  • Literary nonfiction

  • Literary journalism

  • Narrative nonfiction

  • Verrabula

5R’S OF CREATIVE NONFICTION

  1. REAL-LIFE

  • uses real-life elements.

  • writer creates concepts of a story using vital and real information about the subject which can be associated with close attributes of real experiences.

  1. REFLECTION

  • ets the writer engage in his personal reflection about the subject.

  • the writer needs to scrutinize and analyze the gathered information.

  • Assessing and considering his ideologies and beliefs.

  • it will help the writer to be more factual based.

  1. RESEARCH

  • instructs the author to do complete research.

  • author needs to find out relevant and vital information about the subject.

  • writer needs to finish investigating and weighing the information that will be included in the story.

  • Finishing the auxiliary examination will lead to creating complete and substantial content.

  1. READING

  • writer must recall the components through reading to improve and make some modifications.

  1. WRITING

  • Writing imaginative true to life is both a workmanship and specialty.

  • craft of inventive true-to-life necessitates that the essayist utilizes his gifts, senses, innovative capacities, and creative mind to compose paramount imaginative true-to-life.

FICTION

  • do not rely on verifiable facts.

  • offers the author a chance to use his/her imagination.

  • author creates what his/her characters are thinking and feeling

  • the author a chance to tell the story in the most dramatic way and stir the hearts and minds of readers.

  • includes illustrations or other artwork.

NONFICTION

  • rely on verifiable facts.

  • authors can use research — like old newspaper, articles, interviews, eyewitness accounts, etc.

  • writers can include what a person is thinking and feeling by conducting interviews or verifying accounts.

  • authors may find that the story that interests them most is a true one

  • often includes charts, graphs, captions, photos, illustrations, etc.

4 MAJOR LITERARY GENRES

  1. FICTION

  • uses characters, settings, and plots that are not real but could resemble the truth

  1. NONFICTION

  • known as the literature of fact.

  1. POETRY

  • is a form of writing that uses not only words, but also form, patterns of sound, imagery, and figurative language.

  1. DRAMA

  • a composition in verse or prose intended to portray life or character or to tell a story usually involving conflicts and emotions through action and dialogue and typically designed for theatrical performance.

PURPOSES OF LITERARY TEXTS

  • To inform

  • To entertain

  • To persuade

DRAMA

  • Dran = to do, to act (GREEK)

  • an exciting, emotional, or unexpected series of events or set of circumstances.

Thalia and Melpomene

  • The two iconic masks of Drama —the laughing face and the crying face (symbols of two ancient Greek Muses).

Aristotle

  • a Greek philosopher whose writings still influence us today. He was the first to write about the essential elements of drama more than 2,000 years ago

HISTORY OF DRAMA

  • As Christianity spread, theatre took a religious turn, which opened the door to the morality plays of the Medieval Period.

  • In the 16th and 17th centuries, great flowerings of drama occurred in England with William Shakespeare as the most notable playwright.

ARISTOTLE’S ELEMENTS OF DRAMA

  • PLOT

  • What happens in the play; action

  • Basic storyline

  • THEME

  • Meaning of the play

  • Main idea or lesson to be learned

  • CHARACTERS

  • People (sometimes animals or idea) portrayed by actors

  • Move the action forward

  • SITUATION

  • it gives the audience the background of the story; exposition.

  • DIALOGUE

  • Words written by the playwright and spoken by the characters

  • MUSIC/RHYTHM

  • Rhythm of the actors’ voices as they speak

  • SPECTACLE

  • Visual elements of a play: sets, costumes, special effects, etc.

  • Everything that the audience sees as they watch the play.

ELEMENTS IN MODERN DRAMA

  • CONVENTION

  • Techniques andmethods used by the playwright and director to create the desired stylistic effect

  • GENRE

  • The type of play

  • AUDIENCE

  • Group of people who watch the play

  • Considered to be the most important element of drama, as all of the effort put into writing and producing a play is for their enjoyment.

LITERARY TECHNIQUES IN DRAMA

  • FLASHBACK

  • defined as an interruption of a work’s chronology to describe or present an incident that occurred prior to the main time frame of a works action.

  • FORESHADOWING

  • defined as the hints of what is to come in the action of a play or story.

  • SOLILOQUY

  • a speech in a play that is meant to be heard by the audience but not by other characters on the stage.

  • STAGE DIRECTION

  • refers to a playwright’s descriptive and interpretive comments that provide readers (and actors) with information about the dialogue, setting, and action of play.

  • STAGING

  • presents the performance, including the position of actors on stage, the scenic background, the props and costumes, the lighting and sound effects.

  • STYLE

  • The way an author chooses words, arranges them in sentences or in lines of dialogue and actions with description, imagery, and other literary techniques.

  • SYMBOL

  • an object or action in literary work that means more that itself, that stands for something beyond itself.

  • INTERTEXTUALITY

  • the shaping of text’s meaning by another text.

  • include allusion, calque, quotation, plagiarism, translation, pastiche, and parody.

  • a literary device that creates an interrelationship between texts and generates related understanding in separate works.

TYPES OF DRAMA

  • COMEDY

  • Lighter in tone and intended to make audience laugh

  • Usually comes to a happy ending

  • Places offbeat characters in unusual situations, causing them to do and say funny things

  • COMEDY

  • May be sarcastic in nature, poking fun at serious topics

  • Sub-genres include:

  • Romantic Comedy

  • Sentimental Comedy

  • Comedy of Manners

  • Tragic Comedy

  • FARCE

  • Exaggerated or absurd forms of comedy

  • A nonsensical genre of drama in which characters intentionally overact and engage in slapstick or physical humor

  • TRAGEDY

  • Based on darker themes

  • Portray serious subjects likedeath, disaster, and human suffering in a dignified and thought-provoking way

  • Characters are often burdened with flaws that ultimately lead to their demise

  • MELODRAMA

  • Exaggerated form of drama

  • Depicts classic onedimensional characters dealing with sensational, romantic, and often perilous situations

  • Sometimes called tearjerkers

  • MUSICAL DRAMA

  • Stories are told, not only through acting anddialogue, but through dance and music as well

  • Story may be comedic, though it may also involve serious objects

  • OPERA

  • Versatile genre of drama combining theater,dialogue, music, and dance to tell grand stories of tragedy or comedy

  • Characters express their feelings and intentions through song rather than dialogue

  • DOCUDRAMA

  • Relatively new genre

  • Dramatic portrayals of historic events or nonfictional situations

  • More often presented in movies and television than in live theater

POETRY

  • a type of literature based on the interplay of words and rhythm.

  • It often employs rhyme and meter

  • words are strung together to form sounds, images, and ideas that might be too complex or abstract to describe directly.

  • uses a “heightened language” by employing images, which according to De. Leoncio Deriada, is a “painting of words”

ELEMENTS OF POETRY

  • STRUCTURE

  • It refer to the way a poem looks or its arrangement on the page

  1. LINES

  • A single line poem, often organinzed in a stanza

  1. STANZA

  • A group of lines, develops and emphasizes one idea

  • Remember: Couplet (2 lines), Tercet (3 lines), Quatrain (4 lines), Quintet (5 lines), Sestet (6 lines), Septet (7 lines), Octave (8 lines).

  1. ENJABMENTS

  • When the idea or phrase is carried over from one line into the next.

  • SOUND

  • Reinforce a poem’s meaning

  1. RHYME

  • Same syllables or word sounds, often occurring at the end of the lines of poetry (external rhymes).

  1. SLANT RHYME

  • Words do not truly rhyme but have a similar sound or appear to hyme visually.

  • Example: Bridge - Grudge, Orange - Forange.

  1. RHYME SCHEME

  • Describes the pattern of end rhymes, mapped out by noting patterns of rhyme with letters (A, B, C, D…)

  • RHYTHM

  • Pattern of sound created by stressed and unstressed syllables in a line of poetry, also known as beat.

  • Foot is the combination of stressed and unstressed syllables in a line of poetry.

  1. IAMBIC

  • An unstressed syllable followed by a stressed one.

  1. ANAPESTIC

  • Two stressed syllables followed by one stressed syllable.

  1. DACTYLIC

  • A stressed syllable followed by two unstressed syllables.

  1. TROCHAIC

  • A stressed syllable followed by an unstressed syllable.

  1. SPONDAIC

  • Two stressed syllables.

  • METER

  • Is the number of feet that is a line of poetry.

  • REPETITION

  • Repeating sounds, words, phrases, lines, or even stanzas in poems.

  • ONOMATOPOEIA

  • A type of figurative speech that led itself to create sound in poem.

  • IMAGERY

  • Words and phrases that appeals to five senses.

  • FIGURATIVE LANGUAGES

  • Describing something by comparing it with something else.

  • IDIOMS

  • A combination of words that has figurative meaning.

  • Example: It’s raining cats and dogs, once in a blue moon, crying over spilled milk.

  • MOOD

  • The feeling that a poem creates in a reader.

  • TONE

  • The attitude a writer takes towards the subject or audience of the poem.

  • DICTION

  • refers to word choice such as usage of strong nouns, expressive verbs, and descriptive adjectives

TYPES OF POETRY

  • NARRATIVE POETRY

  • a narrative poem is one that tells a story.

  • Types of narrative poetry include ballads and epics.

  • Ballad: a narrative poem, sometimes sung, that tells a dramatic story

  1. Epic

  • a long narrative poem centering on a heroic figure who represents the fate of a nation.

  • Example: Beowulf; Biag ni Lam-ang.

  1. Metrical Tales

  • is a narrative written in verse.

  1. Metrical Romance

  • is a type of metrical tale which is composed of a long love story in verse.

  1. Ballad

  • is a narrative poem that is simple that is concerned with some emotional events.

  • LYRIC POETRY

  • a highly musical verse that expresses the emotions of the speaker.

  1. Ode

  • a meditation or celebration of a specific subject.

  1. Sonnet

  • a poem of fourteen lines in iambic pentameter.

  1. Elegy or Elegiac poem

  • a meditative poem mourning the death of an individ

  1. Haiku

  • Japanese poem consisting of 17 syllables written in 3 lines ( 5-7-5).

  1. Folksong

  • a song that originates in traditional popular culture or that is written in such a style.

  1. Psalm

  • a sound of praising God and contains Philosophy of life.

  1. Song

  • slowly sung accompaniment of a guitar or banduria.

  • DRAMATIC POETRY

  • a dramatic poem is a verse that relies heavily on dramatic elements such as monologue, or dialogue.

  • Two types of dramatic poetry:

  • dramatic monologue

  • soliloquy.

  • DRAMATIC MONOLOGUE

  • a poem in which a character addresses an audience

  • A fictional character, at a dramatic point in life, addresses a particular “audience”.

  • we learn a great deal, often ironically, about the character who is speaking and the circumstance that have led to the speech.

  • SOLILOQUY

  • A form of monologue found most often in drama.

  • the speaker is alone, revealing thoughts and feelings to or for oneself that are intentionally unheard by other characters in Shakespeare’s plays

ELEMENTS

  • CHARACTER

  • real or imaginary individuals or beings who inhabit the story

  • CHARACTERIZATION

  • the development of characters.

  • the way the authors convey information about their characters.

  • Descriptions of a character's appearance, behavior, interests, way of speaking, and other mannerisms

CHARACTERIZATION WRITING TIPS

  • Make a research about the life of the character

  • Identify the backstory of the character.

  • Identify each characters by describing the way they look: height, weight, scar, tattoos, even clothing style.

  • Determine if the character has a unique way or style of speaking (dialogue).

  • STORY PLOT

  • defined as the sequence of events in a story also known as storyline.

TYPES OF PLOT

  1. LINEAR PLOT

  • Story is in chronological order.

  • Does not stray from that order.

  1. NON-LINEAR PLOT

  • Events are portrayed out of chronological order.

  • Often used to mimic the structure and recall of human memory.

  1. PARALLEL LINEAR PLOT

  • Two characters’ stories run parallel in a text and then meet near the end to resolve the story.

  1. SUBPLOT

  • Serves as a motivating or complicating force for the main plot of the work; or it may provide emphasis for, or relief from the main plot.

  1. FRAME STORY

  • Story within a story.

  • Can be a story with a frame structure (one story setting up another story).

  1. FLASHBACK

  • A character stops to remember something that happened at a previous time.

  1. IN MEDIA RES

  • in or into the middle of a narrative plot

  1. FORESHADOWING

  • A literary device that prepares the reader for events that will happen later by providing clues in text.

  • SETTING

  • It refers to the surroundings and time in which the events of a story take place

  • Types of Setting:

  • Physical

  • Chronological

  • Integral

  • Backdrop

  • ATMOSPHERE

  • refers to the emotional setting that surrounds the readers.

  • FIGURES OF SPEECH

  • language used that goes beyond the literal meaning of the statement to create an image or other effects to the mind of the listeners or readers.

  • IMAGERY

  • The use of words to describe ideas or situations to create a mental image in the minds of the readers.