MGA YUGTO NG PANITIKANG PILIPINO SA PANAHON NG ESPANYOL

KRUZ AT ESPADA Refers to the church (cross) (Simbahan) and government (sword) (Gobierno)Era of the rise of Christianity (Catholicism) (Kristiyanismo) and Spanish rule (pananakop ng Espanyol)Demonstrated the deep connection between religion (relihiyon) and politics (pulitika) in literature (panitikan)

KRUZ AT ESPADA - Religious Aspects (KROS AT SWORD - Mga Aspeto ng Relihiyon)

  • Doctrina Cristiana

  • Nuestra Señora del Rosario

  • Barlaan at Josaphat

  • Dalit kay Maria

  • Pangkagandahang-asal

    Urbana at Felisa

CROSS AND SWORD - Language Works (KROS AT SWORD - Mga Gawa sa Wika)

  • Arte Y Regalas de la Lengua Tagala (Sining at Regalo ng Wika ng Tagalog): Written by Padre Blancas de San Jose and translated into Tagalog by Tomas Pinpin in 1610.

  • Vocabulario de la Lengua Tagala (Bokabularyo ng Wika ng Tagalog): The first vocabulary book in Tagalog written by Padre Pedro de San Buenaventura in 1613.

NATIONALIST SENTIMENT (NATIONALISTANG SENTIMYENTO)A period marked by intense nationalist feelings among Filipinos , prominently featured in the works of writers Showed their struggle (pakik struggle) for freedom and emphasized (binigyang-diin) the importance of being patriotic (maging makabayan)

NATIONALIST SENTIMENT - Works by Jose Rizal (NATIONALISTANG SENTIMYENTO - Mga Gawa ni Jose Rizal)

  • Noli Me Tangere

  • El Filibusterismo

  • Mi Ultimo Adios

NATIONALIST SENTIMENT - Works by Marcelo H. del Pilar (NATIONALISTANG SENTIMYENTO - Mga Gawa ni Marcelo H. del Pilar)

  • Caiingat Cayo

  • Dasalan at Tocsohan

  • Ang Cadaquilaan ng Dios

NATIONALIST SENTIMENT - Works by Graciano Lopez Jaena (NATIONALISTANG SENTIMYENTO - Mga Gawa ni Graciano Lopez Jaena)

  • Fray Botod

  • La Hija del Praile

  • El Bandolerismo en Filipinas

REVOLUTION (HIMAGSIKAN)A phase that shows the intense struggle (matinding pakikibaka) for freedom (kalayaan) and social change (pagbabagong panlipunan)

REVOLUTION - Works by Andres Bonifacio (HIMAGSIKAN - Mga Gawa ni Andres Bonifacio)

  • Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa (Pag-ibig sa Inang Bayan)

  • Katungkulang Gagawin ng mga Anak ng Bayan (Mga Gagawin ng mga Anak ng Bayan)

REVOLUTION - Works by Apolinario Mabini (HIMAGSIKAN - Mga Gawa ni Apolinario Mabini)

  • El Verdado Decalogo

  • Sa Bayang Pilipino

REVOLUTION - Works by Emilio Jacinto (HIMAGSIKAN - Mga Gawa ni Emilio Jacinto)

  • Kartilya ng Katipunan

  • Liwanag at Dilim

CROSS AND SWORD (KROS AT SWORD)

This term beautifully illustrates the intertwining of faith and governance during a significant period in Philippine history marked by the rise of Catholicism and Spanish colonial rule. It signifies how religion (cross) and the authority of the government (sword) influenced literature and society.

CROSS AND SWORD - Religious Aspects (KROS AT SWORD - Mga Aspeto ng Relihiyon)

  1. Doctrina Cristiana (Kristiyanong Doktrina)

  2. Nuestra Señora del Rosario (Nuestra Señora del Rosario)

  3. Barlaan at Josaphat (Barlaan at Josafato)

  4. Dalit kay Maria (Dalit para kay Maria)

  5. Pangkagandahang-asal (Mabuting Asal)

  6. Urbana at Felisa (Urbana at Felisa)

CROSS AND SWORD - Language Works (KROS AT SWORD - Mga Gawa sa Wika)

  • Arte Y Regalas de la Lengua Tagala: A seminal work by Padre Blancas de San Jose, later translated into Tagalog by Tomas Pinpin in 1610.

  • Vocabulario de la Lengua Tagala: The very first vocabulary book in Tagalog, crafted by Padre Pedro de San Buenaventura in 1613.

NATIONALIST SENTIMENT (NATIONALISTANG SENTIMYENTO)

This intense wave of nationalism among Filipinos emerged as writers expressed their fervent quest for freedom through powerful literary pieces. It highlighted the indispensable value of patriotism in their struggle.

NATIONALIST SENTIMENT - Works by Jose Rizal (NATIONALISTANG SENTIMYENTO - Mga Gawa ni Jose Rizal)

  • Noli Me Tangere (Huwag Mo Akong Salingin)

  • El Filibusterismo (Ang Paghihimagsik)

  • Mi Ultimo Adios (Ang Aking Huling Paalam)

NATIONALIST SENTIMENT - Works by Marcelo H. del Pilar (NATIONALISTANG SENTIMYENTO - Mga Gawa ni Marcelo H. del Pilar)

  • Caiingat Cayo (Mag-ingat Kayo)

  • Dasalan at Tocsohan (Dasalan at Tocsohan)

  • Ang Cadaquilaan ng Dios (Ang Kadakilaan ng Diyos)

NATIONALIST SENTIMENT - Works by Graciano Lopez Jaena (NATIONALISTANG SENTIMYENTO - Mga Gawa ni Graciano Lopez Jaena)

  • Fray Botod (Fray Botod)

  • La Hija del Praile (Ang Anak ng Praile)

  • El Bandolerismo en Filipinas (Ang Bandolerismo sa Pilipinas)

REVOLUTION (HIMAGSIKAN)

This critical period showcases the passionate battle for liberty and changes in society as Filipinos sought to break free from colonial control.

REVOLUTION - Works by Andres Bonifacio (HIMAGSIKAN - Mga Gawa ni Andres Bonifacio)

  • Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa (Pag-ibig sa Inang Bayan)

  • Katungkulang Gagawin ng mga Anak ng Bayan (Mga Gagawin ng mga Anak ng Bayan)

REVOLUTION - Works by Apolinario Mabini (HIMAGSIKAN - Mga Gawa ni Apolinario Mabini)

  • El Verdado Decalogo (Ang Tunay na Dekalogo)

  • Sa Bayang Pilipino (Sa Bansa ng mga Pilipino)

REVOLUTION - Works by Emilio Jacinto (HIMAGSIKAN - Mga Gawa ni Emilio Jacinto)

  • Kartilya ng Katipunan (Kartilya ng Katipunan)

  • Liwanag at Dilim (Liwanag at Dilim)

Possible Exam Questions

  1. What does the term "CRUZ AT ESPADA" represent in Philippine history?

  3. Name two significant works included in the CROSS AND SWORD religious aspects.

  4. How did the writings of Jose Rizal contribute to the sense of nationalism in the Philippines?

  5. What are the themes explored in Andres Bonifacio's works during the REVOLUTION?

  6. Explain the importance of the Vocabulario de la Lengua Tagala in the context of language and education during the Spanish colonial period.