Safety

Focused Assessments

Cardiovascular System (CVS)
- Review Structure
- Function
  - Conduction
  - Cardiac Cycle
  - Pumping
  - Patient History
  - Focused Assessment
  - Neck Vessels
    - Inspection
    - Auscultation
    - Palpation
    - Precordium: Anterior Thoracic Landmarks
    - Precordium: Posterior Thoracic Landmarks
    - Reference Lines
      - Anterior
      - Lateral
      - Posterior
- Precordium
  - Inspection
    - Apical
    - Abnormal
  - Palpation
    - Apical Impulse
      - Space
      - Tap
      - Abnormal
  - Position for Auscultation Heart Sounds
  - Landmarking
    - Auscultation
    - Lub or S1 Sound
    - Dub or S2 Sound
- Types of Heart Sounds
  - S1
  - S2
  - Abnormal:
    - S3
    - S4
    - Murmur
    - Rub
    - Thrill
  - Diagnostics
Respiratory
- Patient History
- Inspection
  - Shape & Configuration
  - Breathing Position
  - Quality of Respirations
  - Work of Breathing
    - Oxygen
    - Symmetrical
    - Distress
- Common Respiration Patterns
  - Normal Regular
    - Description
    - Common Cause
  - Tachypnea
    - Description
    - Common Cause
  - Hypoventilation
    - Description
    - Common Cause
  - Bradypnea
    - Description
    - Common Cause
  - Cheyne-Stokes Respirations
    - Description
    - Common Cause
  - Hyperventilation
    - Description
    - Common Cause
- Palpation
  - Symmetrical
  - Tactile
- Landmarking: Anterior
- Landmarking: Posterior
  - Bronchial
  - Bronchiovesicular
  - Vesicular
- Common Abnormal/Adventititious Breath Sounds
  - Fine or Course Crackles
    - Sound Description
      - Fine
      - Course
    - Common Cause
      - Fine
      - Course
  - High or Low Pitched Wheeze
    - Sound Description
      - High
      - Low
    - Common Cause
      - High
      - Low
  - Stridor
    - Sound Description
    - Common Cause
  - Pleural Friction Rub
    - Sound Description
    - Common Cause
- Focused Assessment
  - Auscultation
    - Sounds
    - Air Entry to Bilateral to Bases
      - Tips
- Diagnostics
Peripheral Vascular Assessment
- Arteries
  - Elastic
  - Vascular Smooth Muscle
- Sites to Assess
  - Neck
  - Arm
  - Leg
- Veins
- Blood Moving Mechanism
  - Contract
  - Pressure Gradient
  - Intraluminal Valves
- Patient History
- Focused Assessment: Arm
  - Inspect
  - Palpate
    - Capillary Refill
    - Pulse
    - Characteristics
    - Edema
      - Stages
      - Lateral
  - CWSM
    - Colour
    - Warmth
    - Sensation
    - Movement
- Focused Assessment: Legs
  - Inspect
  - Palpate
  - CWSM
    - Temporal Pulse
      - Landmark
      - Assessment
    - Carotid Pulse
      - Landmark
      - Assessment
    - Brachial Pulse
      - Landmark
      - Assessment
    - Radial Pulse
      - Landmark
      - Assessment
    - Femoral Pulse
      - Landmark
      - Assessment
    - Popliteal Pulse
      - Landmark
      - Assessment
    - Posterior Tibial Pulse
      - Landmark
      - Assessment
    - Dorsalis Pedis Pulse
      - Landmark
      - Assessment
  - Diagnostics
- Focused Assessment: Integumentary
  - Structure
    - Epidermis
    - Dermis
    - Subcutaneous Layer
  - Function
  - Patient History
  - Inspection
    - Colour
      - Dark
      - Light
    - Pallor
      - Anemia
        Light
        Dark
      - Local Arterial Insufficiency
        Light
        Dark
      - Albinism
        Light
        Dark
      - Vitiligo
        Light
        Dark
        Colour
        Cyanosis
        Light
        Dark
        Central
        Light
        Dark
        Peripheral
        Light
        Dark
      - Erythema
        Hyperemia
        Light
        Dark
        Polycythemia
        Light
        Dark
        Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
        Light
        Dark
        Venous Stasis
        Light
        Dark
      - Jaundice
        Light
        Dark
      - Brown
        Light
        Dark
  - Palpation
    - Temp
    - Moisture
    - Texture
    - Thickness
    - Edema
    - Mobility & Turgor
    - Hygiene
    - Vascularity of Bruising
  - Inspect & Palpate Lesions Characteristics
  - Hair
  - Nails
  - Oral Cavity
  - Diagnostics
Safety Influences Diagram
Errors of Commission & Omission
- Examples
  - Levels of Errors
    - Adverse Event
      - Example
    - Near Miss
      - Example
    - Sentinel Event
      - Example
  - Types of Errors
    - Diagnostic
      - Example
    - Treatment
      - Example
    - Preventative
      - Example
    - Communication
      - Example
  - Placement of Errors
    - Active
      - Example
    - Latent
      - Example
- Human Error
- Creating a Culture of Safety
- Prioritization
  - First Level
    - Example
  - Second Level
    - Example
  - Third Level
    - Example
Signs of Deterioration
- General Survey
- Vital Signs
  - Pulse
  - BP
  - Breaths
  - Temp
Preparing for Patient Care
- Step 1
  - Patient Research
- Step 2
  - General Survey/Safety Check
  - Vital Signs
  - H2T Assessment
- Step 3
  - Medication Adminstration
  - Skills & Other Care
    - Example

Patient History (Subjective)

System Specific

Focused Assessment (Objective)

Inspection
Auscultation
Palpation

Diagnostic Assessment (Objective)

Diagnostics Laboratory (bloodwork)

Key Information
- Order
  - Responsibility
  - Trends
- Collect
Values: Trends
- Patient
Additional Testing
- Bloodwork
- Common
- Interpreted
Common Examples
- Specimen Collections
- Cultures
- Imaging