temporary structures

Session Objectives

  • Identify hazards associated with scaffoldings and temporary structures

  • State different types of temporary structures

  • Enumerate safety requirements for scaffoldings and temporary structures

Definition of Scaffolding

  • Scaffolding: A temporary structure made from timber, metal, or bamboo with platforms and supports used during construction, maintenance, or demolition (according to OSHS).

Importance of Scaffolding

  • Essential for enabling various construction tasks.

  • Intended as a safety measure, but high risk of incidents (over 50% of these injuries involve falls).

Hazards Associated with Scaffolding

  • Falls of personnel from height

  • Falls of materials or objects from height

  • Collapse of scaffold

  • Overloading the scaffold

  • Unsafe access

  • Electrocution

Classification of Scaffolds

  • Supported Scaffolds: Platforms supported by rigid structures (legs, beams, etc.).

  • Suspended Scaffolds: Platforms suspended by ropes or non-rigid means from an overhead structure.

Types of Supported Scaffolds

  • Mobile or Rolling Scaffold: Equipped with castors or wheels.

  • Tubular Scaffolds: Made using tubes and couplers.

  • Frame Scaffolds: Includes vertical bracing and additional safety features.

Safety Considerations for Scaffolds

  • Structures should be plumbed and braced for stability.

  • Inspect scaffolds before use and tag with inspection details.

  • Fully planked and decked platforms with minimal gaps.

Use and Maintenance of Scaffolds

  • Must be erected and dismantled by trained personnel.

  • Any alterations must be carefully assessed for safety impacts.

  • Materials should not exceed capacity; structures need proper support and anchorage.

Fall Protection Measures

  • Guardrails or personal fall arrest systems required at heights above 2 meters.

  • Protection protocols for falling objects include hard hats and barricades.

Clearance from Power Lines

  • Minimum distance guidelines based on voltage levels:

    • Less than 300 volts: 3 feet

    • 300 volts to 50 kV: 10 feet

    • More than 50 kV: 10 feet plus 4 inches for each additional kV.

Training and Safety Protocols

  • Workers must be trained in the hazards and proper scaffold use procedures.

  • Inspections before shifts and after weather changes are vital for safety.

Ladder Safety Guidelines

  • Use ladders only as platforms during small tasks.

  • Inspect ladders before use; damaged ladders should be labeled unsafe.

  • Follow five rules of ladder safety for effective and safe operations.