Acid-Base Titration and Dilutions

Acid-Base Titration

  • Burette contains OH^- ions of unknown concentration.

  • Conical flask contains H_3O^+ of known concentration and volume; moles can be calculated.

  • At equivalence point, n(OH^-) = n(H_3O^+).

  • Calculations involve using balanced equations and mole ratios to determine unknown quantities.

Calculations and Neutralization Reactions

  • Example calculation: Determining the volume of HNO3 required to react with Ba(OH)2.

    • Steps:

      1. Write a balanced equation.

      2. Find moles of the known substance.

      3. Use mole ratios to find moles of the desired substance.

      4. Calculate the quantity that answers the question.

  • Example: 2HNO3 + Ba(OH)2 \rightarrow 2H2O + Ba(NO3)_2

  • Similar calculations are shown for titrating NaOH with HCl.

Summary of Acid-Base Reactions

  • Products of acid-base reactions can be predicted, and balanced equations can be written.

  • The pH scale measures acidity based on H_3O^+ concentration.

  • pH depends on the strength and concentration of the acid or base.

  • Titration determines concentrations using reactions with solutions of known concentration.

  • Standard stoichiometric calculations apply to acid-base equations.

Dilutions

Use C1 X V1= C2 X V2

Skills for Solving Stoichiometry Questions

  • Balancing equations.

  • Finding number of moles from mass or concentration and volume.

  • Interpreting stoichiometry (mole ratios).

  • Reading the question carefully.