Acid-Base Titration and Dilutions

Acid-Base Titration

• Burette contains $OH^-$ ions of unknown concentration.

• Conical flask contains $H_3O^+$ of known concentration and volume; moles can be calculated.

• At equivalence point, $n(OH^-) = n(H_3O^+)$.

• Calculations involve using balanced equations and mole ratios to determine unknown quantities.

Calculations and Neutralization Reactions

• Example calculation: Determining the volume of $HNO<em>3$ required to react with $Ba(OH)</em>2$.

  • Steps:

    1. Write a balanced equation.

    2. Find moles of the known substance.

    3. Use mole ratios to find moles of the desired substance.

    4. Calculate the quantity that answers the question.

• Example: $2HNO<em>3 + Ba(OH)</em>2 \rightarrow 2H<em>2O + Ba(NO</em>3)_2$

• Similar calculations are shown for titrating $NaOH$ with $HCl$.

Summary of Acid-Base Reactions

• Products of acid-base reactions can be predicted, and balanced equations can be written.

• The pH scale measures acidity based on $H_3O^+$ concentration.

• pH depends on the strength and concentration of the acid or base.

• Titration determines concentrations using reactions with solutions of known concentration.

• Standard stoichiometric calculations apply to acid-base equations.

Dilutions

Use C1 X V1= C2 X V2

Skills for Solving Stoichiometry Questions

• Balancing equations.

• Finding number of moles from mass or concentration and volume.

• Interpreting stoichiometry (mole ratios).

• Reading the question carefully.