Dual Credit Med Terms - Chapter 3

oss/e, oss/i, oste/o, ost/o: bones

myel/o (also means spinal cord): bone marrow

chondr/o: cartilage

arthr/o: joints

ligament/o: ligaments

synovi/o, synov/o: synovial membrane & fluid

burs/o: bursa

ankyl/o: crooked, bent, stiff

arthr/o: joint

burs/o: bursa

chondr/i, chondr/o: cartilage

cost/o: rib

crani/o: skull

-desis: to bind, tie together

kyph/o: bent, hump

lord/o: curve, swayback, bent

-lysis: loosening or setting free

myel/o: spinal cord, bone marrow

oss/e, oss/i, ost/o, oste/o: bone

scoli/o: curved, bent

spondyl/o: vertebrae, vertebral column, backbone

synovi/o, synov/o: synovial membrane, synovial fluid

acetabulum: hip socket

ankylosing spondylitis: A form of rheumatoid arthritis that primarily causes inflammation of the joints between the vertebrae.

arthrodesis: The surgical fusion of two bones to stiffen a joint.

arthrolysis: The surgical loosening of an ankylosed joint.

arthroscopy: The visual examination of the internal structure of a joint.

autologous: Originating within the individual.

avascular necrosis: An area of bone tissue death caused by insufficient blood flow.

chondromalacia: The abnormal softening of cartilage.

comminuted fracture: A fracture in which the bone is splintered or crushed.

compression fracture: Occurs when the bone is pressed together on itself.

costochondritis: An inflammation of the cartilage that connects a rib to the sternum.

craniostenosis: A malformation of the skull due to the premature closure of the cranial sutures.

crepitation: The grating sound heard when the ends of a broken bone move together.

dual x-ray absorptiometry: A low-exposure radiographic measurement of the spine and hips that measures bone density.

gout: A type of arthritis characterized by deposits of uric acid crystals in the joints.

hallux valgus: An abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe; also known as a bunion.

hemarthrosis: Blood within a joint.

hemopoietic: Pertaining to the formation of blood cells.

internal fixation: A fracture treatment in which a plate or pins are placed directly into the bone to hold the broken pieces in place.

juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: An autoimmune disorder that affects children ages 16 years or younger, with symptoms that include stiffness, pain, joint swelling, skin rash, fever, slowed growth, and fatigue.

kyphosis: hump back

lordosis: bad b pose

lumbago: back pain

malleolus: The rounded bony projection on the tibia and fibula on the sides of each ankle joint.

manubrium: The bony structure that forms the upper portion of the sternum.

metacarpals: The five bones that form the palms of the hand.

metatarsals: The bones that form the part of the foot to which the toes are attached.

myeloma: A type of cancer that occurs in blood-making cells found in the red bone marrow.

open fracture: A break in which the bone is broken and there is an open wound in the skin; also known as a compound fracture.

orthopedic surgeon: A physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders involving the bones, joints, and muscles; also known as an orthopedist.

orthotic: A mechanical appliance such as a leg brace or splint that is specially designed to control, correct, or compensate for impaired limb function.

osteitis: Inflammation of a bone.

osteoarthritis: The type of arthritis most commonly associated with aging; also known as wear-and-tear arthritis.

osteochondroma: A benign bony projection covered with cartilage.

osteoclasis: The surgical fracture of a bone to correct a deformity.

osteomalacia: Abnormal softening of bones in adults.

osteomyelitis: Inflammation of the bone marrow and adjacent bone.

osteopenia: Thinner-than-average bone density.

osteoporosis: A marked loss of bone density and an increase in bone porosity frequently associated with aging.

osteoporotic hip fracture: A broken bone usually caused by weakening of the bones due to osteoporosis and can occur either spontaneously or as the result of a fall.

osteorrhaphy: Surgical suturing or wiring together of bones.

paget’s disease: A disease of unknown origin that is characterized by extensive breakdown of bone tissue followed by abnormal bone formation.

pathologic fracture: When a bone breaks under normal strain because the bone has been weakened by osteoporosis or by a disease process such as cancer.

percutaneous vertebroplasty: A minimally invasive procedure performed to treat osteoporosis-related compression fractures of the spine.

periostitis: An inflammation of the periosteum.

podiatrist: A specialist in diagnosing and treating disorders of the foot.

polymyalgia rheumatica: An inflammatory disorder of the muscles and joints characterized by pain and stiffness in the neck, shoulders, upper arms, and hips and thighs.

prosthesis: A substitute for a diseased or missing body part, such as a leg that has been amputated.

rheumatoid arthritis: A chronic autoimmune disorder in which the joints and some organs of other body systems are attacked.

rickets: A deficiency disease occurring in children characterized by defective bone growth and caused by a lack of vitamin D.

scoliosis: An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.

spina bifida: A congenital defect that occurs during early pregnancy in which the spinal canal fails to close completely around the spinal cord to protect it.

spiral fracture: A fracture in which the bone has been twisted apart.

spondylolisthesis: The forward slipping movement of the body of one of the lower lumbar vertebrae on the vertebra or sacrum below it.

subluxation: The partial displacement of a bone from its joint.

synovectomy: The surgical removal of a synovial membrane from a joint.

vertebrae: The bony structural units of the spinal column.