Honors US History Final Exam

  1. Abraham Lincoln - 16th President, led during Civil War, issued Emancipation Proclamation.
  2. Andrew Johnson - 17th President, succeeded Lincoln, faced challenges during Reconstruction.
  3. Plans for Reconstruction - Strategies to rebuild the South after the Civil War and address slavery and loyalty.
  4. Radical Republicans - Republican faction advocating for extensive reforms and civil rights during Reconstruction.
  5. 10% Plan - Lincoln's proposal for Reconstruction, offering amnesty when 10% pledged loyalty.
  6. Jim Crow Laws - State laws enforcing racial segregation and denying equal rights to African Americans.
  7. Ku Klux Klan - Secret society promoting white supremacy, using violence against African Americans.
  8. 13th Amendment - Abolished slavery in the United States.
  9. 14th Amendment - Granted citizenship and equal protection to all born or naturalized in the US.
    1. 15th Amendment - Prohibited denial of voting rights based on race, color, or previous servitude.
    2. Grandfather Clause - Allowed voting exemption based on a grandfather's voting status before 1867.
    3. Plessy v. Ferguson - Supreme Court case establishing "separate but equal" doctrine.
    4. Suffrage - Right to vote, particularly women's suffrage movement.
    5. Grant Administration - Presidency of Ulysses S. Grant, dealt with corruption and Reconstruction challenges.
    6. Successes of Reconstruction - Amendments, Freedmen's Bureau, increased African American political participation.
    7. Failures of Reconstruction - Rise of Jim Crow Laws, limited economic progress, political backlash.
    8. Freedmen's Bureau - Federal agency aiding former slaves with education, employment, and health care.
    9. Voting Rights - Efforts to secure equal voting rights for all citizens.
    10. Sharecropping - Agricultural system where farmers worked land in exchange for a share of crops.
    11. End of Reconstruction - Period marked by the withdrawal of federal troops from the South.
    12. Industrial Revolution - Transformation from hand production to machine-based manufacturing.
    13. Captains of Industry - Industrial leaders who amassed great wealth and influenced society.
    14. Robber Barons - Industrial leaders accused of unethical business practices and exploiting workers.
    15. John D. Rockefeller - Founder of Standard Oil Company, dominant figure in oil industry.
    16. Cornelius Vanderbilt - Business magnate in shipping and railroads during the Gilded Age.
    17. Andrew Carnegie - Industrialist and philanthropist, led steel industry.
    18. Henry Ford - Founder of Ford Motor Company, pioneered assembly line production.
    19. JP Morgan - Financier and banker, key figure in the development of US capitalism.
    20. Standard Oil - Rockefeller's oil company, dominated the industry through horizontal integration.
    21. Horizontal Integration - Strategy of consolidating similar companies to control a specific industry.
    22. Vertical Integration - Strategy of controlling all aspects of production within a company.
    23. Gilded Age - Era of rapid economic growth but also social inequality and political corruption.
    24. Theodore Roosevelt - 26th President, known for trust-busting and progressive reforms.
    25. Muckrakers - Journalists who exposed corruption and social issues.
    26. Jacob Riis - Muckraker who documented living conditions in New York City tenements.
    27. Ida Tarbell - Muckraker who investigated Standard Oil's monopolistic practices.
    28. Upton Sinclair - Author of "The Jungle," exposed unsanitary conditions in the meatpacking industry.
    29. Triangle Shirtwaist Fire - Tragic factory fire that led to labor reforms and improved workplace safety.
    30. Roaring 20s - Period of economic prosperity, cultural change, and social liberation.
    31. Temperance Movement - Campaign to limit or prohibit the consumption of alcohol, led to the enactment of Prohibition.
    32. Prohibition - Nationwide ban on the production, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages.
    33. Causes of the Great Depression - Stock market crash, overproduction, bank failures, and unequal distribution of wealth.
    34. Black Tuesday - October 29, 1929, stock market crash triggering the Great Depression.
    35. Franklin Delano Roosevelt - 32nd President, implemented New Deal programs to combat the Great Depression.
    36. FDIC - Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, insured bank deposits to restore confidence in the banking system.
    37. SEC - Securities and Exchange Commission, regulated the stock market and protected investors.
    38. CCC - Civilian Conservation Corps, provided employment for young men in environmental conservation projects.
    39. WPA - Works Progress Administration, created jobs for unemployed Americans in various public works projects.
    40. TVA - Tennessee Valley Authority, provided electricity, flood control, and economic development in the Tennessee Valley.
    41. Treaty of Versailles - Peace treaty that ended World War I, imposed harsh conditions on Germany.
    42. Chamberlain - British Prime Minister known for appeasement policy towards Nazi Germany.
    43. Great Depression - Severe economic downturn in the 1930s, marked by high unemployment and poverty.
    44. Non-aggression Pact - Agreement between Germany and the Soviet Union to avoid military conflict.
    45. Poland - Country invaded by Germany, sparking the start of World War II.
    46. Allied Powers - Coalition of countries, including the US, Britain, and the Soviet Union, fighting against the Axis Powers.
    47. Axis Powers - Alliance of Germany, Italy, and Japan during World War II.
    48. Causes of WWII - Treaty of Versailles, aggressive expansionism, and failure of appeasement.
    49. Pearl Harbor - Japanese surprise attack on the US naval base in Hawaii on December 7, 1941, leading to US entry into WWII.
    50. Battle of Midway - Major naval battle in the Pacific, turning point in favor of the US during WWII.
    51. Berlin - Capital of Germany, divided into East and West during the Cold War.
    52. Stalingrad - Major battle on the Eastern Front, Soviet victory turning point in WWII.
    53. D-Day - Allied invasion of Normandy, France on June 6, 1944, to liberate Western Europe from German occupation.
    54. General Issued - Supreme Allied Commander during WWII, responsible for the D-Day invasion.
    55. VE Day - Victory in Europe Day, May 8, 1945, marking the end of WWII in Europe.
    56. Atomic Bomb - Nuclear weapon used by the US on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan, leading to Japan's surrender.
    57. Harry Truman - US President who made the decision to drop the atomic bomb on Japan.
    58. Hiroshima - Japanese city targeted by the first atomic bomb on August 6, 1945.
    59. Nagasaki - Japanese city targeted by the second atomic bomb on August 9, 1945.
    60. VJ Day - Victory over Japan Day, September 2, 1945, marking the end of WWII.
    61. Origins of the Cold War - Tensions between the US and Soviet Union, ideological differences, and competition for global influence.
    62. Berlin Airlift - Western Allies' response to the Soviet blockade of West Berlin, supplying essentials by air.
    63. Containment - US policy to prevent the spread of communism, particularly during the Cold War.
    64. NATO - North Atlantic Treaty Organization, military alliance of Western democracies during the Cold War.
    65. Warsaw Pact - Military alliance of Soviet Union and Eastern European countries in response to NATO.