MA maybe work ??
Infection prevention the set of methods practiced in healthcare facilities to prevent and control the spread of disease
Infection the state resulting from pathogens invading the body and multiplying
Pathogen a microorganism capable of causing infection and disease
systematic infection an infection that travels through the bloodstream and is spread throughout the body
localized infection an infection that stays in one area
Healthcare associated infection (HAI) an infection acquired in a healthcare setting during the delivery of medical care
Localized infection symptoms pain, redness, swelling, pus, drainage (fluid from wound or cavity), heat
systematic infection symptoms fever, body aches, chills, Nassau/vomiting, weakness, headache, mental confusion, drop in BP
Chain of infection way to describe how one disease is transmitted to another
causative agent a pathogenic microorganism that causes disease
reservoir a place where pathogen lives and multiplies
portal of exit any body opening on an infected person that allows it to leave
mode of transport the method how a pathogen travels
direct contact a way of transmitting pathogens by touching the person or their secretions
portal of entry any body opening on an uninfected person that allows pathogens to enter
Indirect contact a way of transmitting pathogens via contaminated object
mucous membranes membranes that line the body cavities that open to the outside of the body, such as linings of the mouth, nose, eyes, rectum, and genitals
susceptible host an uninfected person who could become sick
transmission passage or transfer
infectious contagious
medical asepsis measures used to reduce and prevent the spread of pathogens
surgical asepsis the state of being completely free of all microorganisms called sterile technique
If one of the links in the chain is broken, then the spread of infection is stopped
chain of infection by order 1. causative agent
2. resivoir
3. portal of exit
4. mode of trasnportation
5. portal of entry
6. susceptible host
The following are necessary links in the chain of infection, which link is broken by wearing gloves, thus preventing the spread of disease mode of transmission
By getting a vaccination for hepatitis B, which link will a person affected to prevent him from getting this disease susceptible host
OSHA federal government agency that makes rules to protect workers from hazards on the job
Standard precautions method of infection prevention in which all blood,body fluids, nonintact skin, mucous membranes are treated as if they were infected with an infectionous disease
(ex: mask bc someone could cough while while taking a strep test)
Sharps collective term for needles and other sharp objects
Lancet sharp instrument to get capillary blood (small blood vessels) (usually used for diabetes)
Body fluids blood, tears, saliva, sputum (mucus coughed up), urine, feces, semen, vaginal secretions, pus, vomit or wound drainage
Standard precautions wash hands, wear gloves, remove gloves immediately when finished w procedure, immediately wash skin surfaces, wear disposable gown, wear a mask or goggles/face shield, wear gloves when handling sharps, don't attempt to recap needles or sharps, carefully bag all contaminated supplies, clearly label body fluids being saved for specimen, dispose of contaminated waste
hand hygiene washing hands w soap and water or using alcohol hand rubs
Specimen bag labeling patient name, DOB for patient, time and date collected, and your name
Transmission-Based Precautions a method of infection prevention used when caring for persons who are
infected or may be infected with certain infectious diseases.
Multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) microorganisms, mostly bacteria, that are resistant to one or more
antimicrobial agents that are commonly used for treatment.
isolate to keep seperate by itself (usually for humans)
Transmission-Based Precautions are used for persons infected with certain infectious diseases - MDROs
* C. dif
* Scabies (a skin disease that causes itching)
* Lice
* Influenza (during and outbreak)
* COVID-19
Airborne Precautions -Pathogens can be transmitted through the air after being expelled and
can remain floating for some time. Tuberculosis (TB) is an example of an
airborne disease.
* Precautions include wearing special masks (such as N95 or HEPA
masks); gown; handwashing; and proper ventilation.
* Patients with known airborne infections may be seen in an airborne
infection isolation room (AIIR).
* Doors to an AIIR should be opened and closed slowly to prevent pulling
contaminated air into other areas.
Droplet Precautions - Precautions are used for diseases spread by droplets in the air.
* Droplets normally do not travel more than six feet; talking, coughing,
sneezing, laughing, singing, or suctioning can spread droplets.
* Influenza is an example of a droplet disease.
* Precautions include wearing a face mask, covering the nose and mouth
when sneezing or coughing, and handwashing.
* The Respiratory Hygiene/Cough Etiquette guidelines on p. 67 can help
prevent the spread of droplet diseases in public places.
- droplets are big which is why you can wear a regular mask
Contact Precautions * Precautions are used when resident is at risk of spreading a disease by
direct or indirect contact (touching a contaminated area on patient’s
body, blood or body fluid, or contaminated items, linens, equipment, or
supplies).
* Examples of contact diseases include conjunctivitis (pink eye) and C.
dif.
* Precautions include wearing gloves and gown, patient isolation, washing
hands, avoiding touching infected surfaces without gloves, and avoiding
touching uninfected surfaces with contaminated gloves.
guidelines for isolation * Transmission-Based Precautions are always used in addition to Standard
Precautions.
* MAs may set up the isolation unit. Supplies will be in the rooms or on an
isolation cart.
* Use PPE as instructed. Do not wear PPE outside the patient’s room
(except for a respirator/mask) and perform hand hygiene after
removing PPE.
* Use handwashing areas inside the patient’s room or wall-mounted hand
rub dispensers near the exit.
* Wear proper PPE required to take specimens.
* Do not rush through care tasks for a person who is in isolation.
correct order for donning on PPE 1. gown
2. mask
3. goggles
4. gloves
correct order for doffing PPE 1. gloves
2. goggles
3. gown
4. mask
What kind of transmission based precautions is used for tuberculosis airborne
What kind of transmission based precautions is used when you cover your nose and mouth when a person sneezes or coughs and then washing hands immediately after sneezing droplet
What kind of transmission based precautions is used when helps prevent the spread of c. diff or conjunctivitis contact
What kind of transmission based precautions is used when someone coughs, sneezes, talks, or laughs droplet
What kind of transmission based precautions is used when helping against the transmission of the flu droplet
Which of the following is true of Hepatitis B (HBV) can be transmitted through blood or needles that are in contaminated with the virus
What does OSHA consider as significant exposure MA is stuck by a needle
according to OSHA, employers must give all employees, patients, and visitors ___ to use when needed PPE
bloodborne pathogens a microorganism found in human blood that can cause infection and
disease in humans.
acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) the final stage of HIV infection, in which infections, tumors, and central
nervous system symptoms appear due to a weakened immune system
that is unable to fight infection.
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) a virus that attacks the body’s immune system and gradually disables it;
eventually can cause AIDS.
hepatitis inflammation of the liver caused by certain viruses and other factors, such
as alcohol abuse, some medications, and trauma.
Bloodborne diseases are transmitted in these ways: * Infected blood entering the bloodstream
* Infected semen or vaginal secretions contacting mucous membranes
* Sexual contact
* Sharing infected drug needles
* Infected pregnant women
* In health care, contact with infected blood, certain other body fluids, or
needles or other sharp objects
These two major bloodborne diseases are a serious concern for healthcare workers in the
US: * HIV/AIDS
* Hepatitis
There are many types of hepatitis: * Hepatitis A results from fecal-oral contamination.
* Hepatitis B is transmitted through sexual contact, sharing infected needles, from
mother to baby during delivery, and by exposure at work from accidental contact
with sharps. Healthcare workers can receive a free vaccine to prevent this illness.
* Hepatitis C is transmitted through blood or body fluids. It can cause serious illness or
death.
* Hepatitis D is transmitted by blood and is only found in people who carry hepatitis B.
* Hepatitis E is rare in the US and is transmitted by the fecal-oral route.
Hepatitis A results from fecal-oral contamination.
Hepatitis B transmitted through sexual contact, sharing infected needles, from
mother to baby during delivery, and by exposure at work from accidental contact
with sharps. Healthcare workers can receive a free vaccine to prevent this illness.
Hepatitis C transmitted through blood or body fluids. It can cause serious illness or
death.
Hepatitis E rare in the US and is transmitted by the fecal-oral route
Hepatitis D transmitted by blood and is only found in people who carry hepatitis B
Employers are required to offer the HBV vaccine
Bloodborne Pathogens Standard federal law that requires that healthcare facilities protect employees from
bloodborne health hazards.
engineering controls features incorporated in medical devices to make their use less hazardous
exposure control plan a plan designed to eliminate or reduce employee exposure to infectious
material.
The Bloodborne Pathogens Standard includes the following as a significant
exposure: * Needle stick
* Mucous membrane contact
* Cut from an object containing potentially infectious body fluid
* Having nonintact skin
Employers must follow these guidelines: * Have a written exposure control plan
* Provide proper PPE
* Make sure biohazard containers are available
* Provide hepatitis B vaccine free to employees
* Place warning labels where potentially infectious material is present
* Keep a log of injuries from contaminated sharps
* Provide in-service training
disinfection a process that destroys most, but not all, pathogens; it reduces the
pathogen count to a level that is considered not infectious.
sterilization a cleaning measure used to decrease the spread of pathogens and disease
by destroying all microorganisms, including those that form spores.
employers’ responsibilities regarding infection prevention: * Establish procedures and exposure control plan.
* Provide in-service education.
* Have written procedures for exposures.
* Provide proper PPE.
* Provide HBV vaccination.
following guidelines for handling patient specimens: * Don clean gloves for every patient interaction.
* Replace wet, torn, or soiled gloves.
* Check specimen containers/tubes for leaks.
* Place specimens in biohazard bags for transport.
* Follow facility policy regarding method of transport.
* Do not place needles or sharps in a transport bag/specimen container.
* Follow any specific instructions regarding patients under Transmission-
Based precautions.
* Clean and disinfect all surfaces in care areas between patients using
facility-approved antimicrobial agent.
employees’ responsibilities regarding infection prevention: * Follow Standard Precautions.
* Follow all facility policies and procedures.
* Follow patient care plans and assignments.
* Use PPE.
* Take advantage of free hepatitis B vaccine.
* Immediately report any exposure to infection, blood, or body fluids.
* Participate in education programs.
hand hygiene washing hands with soap and water or using alcohol-based hand rubs.
MAs should wash their hands * When first arriving at work
* Any time they are visibly soiled
* Before, between, and after all patient contact
* Before putting on gloves and after removing gloves
* After contact with body fluids, mucous membranes, nonintact skin, and
wound dressings
* After handling contaminated items
* In an inpatient setting, after contact with any object in a patient's room
(care environment)
* Before and after using the toilet
* After touching garbage or trash
* After picking up anything from the floor
* After blowing or wiping nose or coughing or sneezing into hands
* Before and after eating
* After smoking
* After touching areas on the body, including face and hair
* Before and after applying makeup
* After any contact with pets (e.g., therapy or service animals)
* Before leaving facility
Washing hands 1. turn on water at the sink, don't let your clothes touch the end of the counters or any water
2. Wet your hands and wrists thoroughly.
3. Apply soap to your hands.
4. keep hands lower than elbows, and your fingertips down, Lather all surfaces of your wrists, hands, and fingers, using friction for at least 20 seconds. Friction helps clean.
5. clean fingernails by rubbing against the palm
6. rinse hands from wrists to fingertips don't touch your hands togtehr
7. dry your hands and the sink
putting on PPE 1. gown first
2. hug into the gown and pull your hands through the holes
3. tie the neck strap first, then the back strap
4. take your gloves and pull them onto the cuffs so it covers your wrists
Removing ppe 1. pull the palm of the glove until your hands are free with your dominant hand, then use that dominant hand and crumple the glove inside
2. take your hand and go under the dominant hands glove, then pull it out and throw it away
3. break the neck strap and the back strap
4. with your dominant hand pull gown inside and keep pulling until it all crumples
5. roll it and throw away
Correct order of donning gown
mask
goggles
gloves
Correct order of doffing gloves
goggles
gown
mask