SPRING SEMESTER FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE – HG
SPRING SEMESTER FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDE
Exam Dates and Times
- Friday, May 16th, 2025: 4th/6th periods (Modified bell schedule: 7:20 - 9:20 for 4th, 12:10 - 2:10 for 6th)
- Monday, May 19th, 2025: 1st/2nd periods (Half Day Schedule: 7:20 - 9:28 for Exam 1, 9:40 - 11:45 for Exam 2)
- Tuesday, May 20th, 2025: 3rd/7th periods
- Wednesday, May 21st, 2025: 5th/Make-up Exams
AKS 39 - CHINESE SOCIAL STRUCTURE
39b – Impact of Qing and Ming Dynasty policies on the social structure of China.
- Question 1: Which Chinese Dynasty finished building the Great Wall of China & drove out the Mongols?
- Question 2: Advancements in agriculture during the Qing Dynasty resulted in more food and more _.
- Answer: People/Population
- Question 3: Why were the merchants at the bottom of the social pyramid? They were even below farmers….
- Answer: They only sold what other people created. Farmers produced what people needed to survive.
- Question 4: Explain the significance of the Examination System? AKA the Civil Service Exam.
- Answer: Anyone could take the exam and earn a job working for the government. It didn’t matter what family you were born into. “Education could turn a commoner into a gentleman”
- Question 5: How did the Examination System make the government in China stronger?
- Answer: The people who worked for the government earned their spot, they weren’t just giving it.
- Question 6: Who said that “education could change a commoner to a gentleman”?
- Question 7: What was the main ETHICAL SYSTEM that was used in China during this time that put an emphasis on respecting your elders?
AKS 40 - THE GUNPOWDER EMPIRES
40a – Empires & Leaders
40b – Contributions of the Empires
- Question 8: Name the 3 Gunpowder Empires in the order of their location from East to West:
- Answer: 1.) Mughal 2.) Safavid 3.) Ottoman
- Question 9: The Ottoman Empire was located on which three continents?
- Answer: 1.) Europe 2.) Asia 3.) Africa
- Question 10: What is the name of the capital city of the Byzantine Empire that the Ottomans took over and renamed Istanbul?
- Question 11: Who led the Ottoman Empire during their “Golden Age?” (Hint: He was Magnificent)
- Answer: Suleyman the Lawgiver
- Question 12: The Ottoman Empire was Muslim.
- Question 13: What the official title of the ruler of the Ottoman Empire?
- Question 14: How did Sultan Suleyman ultimately cause the downfall of the Ottoman Empire? (hint: think about his sons….)
- Answer: Killed his most able sons leaving behind the weakest
- Question 15: Which Gunpowder Empire was located in the middle of the Ottoman and Mughal Empires in what is presently modern day Iran and parts of Iraq?
- Question 16: The Safavid Empire was _ Muslim.
- Question 17: Shah Abbas the Great modeled his military after Sultan Suleyman – creating a military that was only loyal to him called the __.
- Answer: Janissaries – Based on the Devshirme System of taking Christian boys from the northern lands, converting them to Islam and training them.
- Question 18: Which Gunpowder Empire was located in modern day India?
- Question 19: Which Mughal leader was able to achieve peace and loyalty from Muslims and Hindu subjects?
- Answer: Akbar – He also created his own faith called the Divine Faith. Ended the tax on non-Muslims (Jizya).
- Question 20: Who built the Taj Mahal for his beautiful wife’s tomb when she passed away?
AKS 41 & 42 - ENLIGHTENMENT & REVOLUTIONS
41b ─ Enlightenment
42a – Absolutism
42c – Napoleon/Congress of Vienna
- Question 21: Define: The Enlightenment and tell it’s significance.
- Answer: Inspired by the Scientific Revolution. AKA the Age of Reason. People started to use logic and reason to examine society and government.
- Question 22: Which Enlightenment thinker believed in freedom of speech & religion?
- Question 23: Which Enlightenment thinker believed there should be 3 branches of government?
- Question 24: Which Enlightenment thinker believed that all men were born with natural rights of life, liberty and property?
- Answer: Locke – He also said that you could overthrow your government if they went against your rights.
- Question 25: Which Enlightenment thinker believed that a Direct Democracy was the best type of government – meaning majority rules all decisions?
- Answer: Jean Jacques Rousseau
- Question 26: What was the biggest result of the Glorious Revolution in England in 1689? Explain it’s significance.
- Answer: A king has total power and absolutely no one has more power than they do. If you question the King, you are really questioning God.
- Question 27: Which colonies rebelled against the British for over-taxation without representation?
- Answer: American Colonies
- Question 28: Who was the King of France at the time of the French Revolution?
- Question 29: Which Estate in France made up 97% of the population and paid 50% of their income in taxes?
- Question 30: Which Estate in France made up 2% of the population and paid 0% of their income in taxes?
- Question 31: Which Estate in France made up <1% of the population and paid 2% of their income in taxes?
- Question 32: What is the name of the promise the 3rd Estate delegates made, promising not to leave until they had drawn up a new constitution?
- Answer: The Tennis Court Oath
- Question 33: Which French document stated that “all men are born and remain free and equal in rights”?
- Answer: The Rights of Man and of the Citizen
- Question 34: Which Monarch was beheaded, ending the rule of Absolute Monarchs in France?
- Answer: King Louis XVI & his wife Queen Marie Antoinette
- Question 35: What French colony became the first group of Africans to overthrow their “Masters” and form their own country outside of Africa?
- Question 36: What was the name of the general who rose to power after the French Revolution and took control of France?
- Answer: Napoleon Bonaparte
- Question 37: Explain how Napoleon was able to take over the French government.
- Answer: Napoleon took over with support from the National Convention in a coup d’état (overthrow). He then named himself dictator.
- Question 38: Explain 3 POSITIVE things that Napoleon did for France:
- Answer: 1) Started public education 2) Financial reforms (income tax and a national bank) 3) He created the Napoleonic Code of Law
- Question 39: Explain 3 NEGATIVE things that Napoleon did:
- Answer: 1) He invaded Russia in winter causing hundreds of thousands of his troops to die. 2) The Continental System – Failed effort to enforce a blockade of British trade. Ended up hurting the European mainland economy worse than the British. 3) He put friends and family on the thrones of different European countries
- Question 40: Why was Napoleon’s Continental System a failure?
- Answer: It was designed to blockade Great Britain and destroy their economy, but it didn’t. Instead it hurt the French economy.
- Question 41: What country did Napoleon invade during the Winter that was one of his biggest blunders?
- Question 42: After Napoleon was removed, the leaders in Europe called this meeting to find a way to restore a balance of power among the countries.
- Answer: Congress of Vienna
AKS 43 & 44 - INDUSTRIALIZATION & IMPERIALISM
43a – Industrialization
43b – Adam Smith & Karl Marx
43c – Impact of Urbanization
44a – Nationalism
44b – Imperialism in Africa & Asia
44c – Anti-imperial resistance
- Question 43: Where did the Industrial Revolution start?
- Question 44: Why was the country in #43 the PERFECT place for Industrialization to begin?
- Answer: England had the 3 Factors of Production: 1) Land (natural resources) 2) Labor (workers) 3) Capital (money to invest in business)
- Question 45: Explain the THREE FACTORS OF PRODUCTION:
- Answer: 1) Land – Your territory is rich in the natural resources necessary for making factories and products. 2) Labor – You have a large population in need of jobs and willing to work for little wages. 3) Capital – You have entrepreneurs/banks who are willing to invest in businesses.
- Question 46: Which industry was the first to industrialize?
- Question 47: Which country was the 2nd nation to industrialize, creating a large army & focusing on Militarism?
- Question 48: Define Capitalism & name the person who came up with it.
- Answer: Definition: Little government control over business. People can own private property. Name: Adam Smith
- Question 49: Define Communism & name the person who came up with it.
- Answer: Definition: Total government control over business. People can not own private property. Name: Karl Marx
- Question 50: What term means having “pride and devotion in your nation”?
- Question 51: Who was the Prime Minister of Prussia that ruled using “blood and iron” using deception to start a war that ultimately caused the unification of Germany?
- Answer: Otto Von Bismarck
- Question 52: Which US Commodore arrived in Tokyo Harbor and demanded that they open their borders to trade with outsiders?
- Answer: Commodore Matthew Perry
- Question 53: What is the name of the Japanese Emperor who officially took over Japan after the Tokugawa Shogunate was overthrown?
- Question 54: Why did Japan need to modernize during the Meiji Restoration?
- Answer: When Commodore Matthew Perry arrived in Tokyo Harbor in 1850 and demanded for them to open their borders, the Japanese very quickly realized how behind they were compared the rest of the world. This was due to their borders having been closed for over 200 years.
- Question 55: When powerful countries take over weaker territories for their natural resources, cheap labor and markets, it’s called what?
- Question 56: Who were the only people that explored the interior of Africa BEFORE Imperialism?
- Answer: Missionaries (Christians spreading their faith)
- Question 57: The purpose of the Berlin Conference was to divide up which continent without their consent or input?
- Question 58: What was the name of the rebellion in China that ended with the Emperor being removed from power and established the Chinese Republic?
- Answer: The Boxer Rebellion
- Question 59: Who fought in the Opium Wars?
- Answer: China & Great Britain – because the British wanted to sell the Chinese something they would want to buy a lot of and so they started smuggling in opium and got over 12 million Chinese people addicted to it.
- Question 60: Who won the Opium Wars?
- Answer: Great Britain – The British got control over Hong Kong and they got extraterritorial rights.
- Question 61: What is the name of the bloody rebellion in India that led the British government to seize control and rule India directly for the next 90 years?
- Answer: The Sepoy Rebellion
AKS 45, 46, & 47- WWI, BETWEEN THE WAR, & WWII
45a – Causes of WWI
45b – Eastern/Western Front
45c – Treaty of Versailles
45d – Destabilization of Europe
46d – Aggression leading to WWII
47a – Causes of WWII
47b – Holocaust
47c – WWII Negotiations
47d – Post WWII (Marshall Plan, MacArthur’s plan for Japan, United Nations, NATO, the Warsaw Pact)
- Question 62: What were the four MAIN causes of WWI?
- Answer: Militarism Alliances Imperialism Nationalism
- Question 63: Which cause of WWI involved countries taking over smaller countries for their resources?
- Question 64: Which cause of WWI involved countries wanting to spread their way of life and being proud of their country?
- Question 65: Which cause of WWI involved countries making pacts with other countries promising to help them if there was ever a war?
- Question 66: Which cause of WWI involved countries building up their armies, navies, and weaponry?
- Question 67: What event was considered to be the “spark” that started World War I?
- Answer: The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand – Heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary.
- Question 68: The main area of fighting between Germany and France was called the Front.
- Answer: The Western Front
- Question 69: The main area of fighting between Germany and Russia was called the _ Front.
- Answer: The Eastern Front
- Question 70: The name of the area between the trenches where most soldiers died was called _.
- Question 71: True or False: Russia fought until the end of WWI and gained a lot of power post-war.
- Question 72: Define Total War:
- Answer: When a country puts all of its resources towards the war effort.
- Question 73: Which country used Unrestricted Submarine Warfare?
- Question 74: True or False: The United States remained neutral during most of the World War I.
- Question 75: What was the month, day, year and hour that the war ended?
- Answer: Month: November Day: 11th Year: 1918 Hour: 11:00am (11th month, on the 11th day, at the 11th hour)
- Question 76: Define armistice:
- Answer: A ceasefire. It is when the FIGHTING STOPPED, but the war is not officially over.
- Question 77: Which Country was not allowed to attend the Paris Peace Conference?
- Answer: Germany (Russia was not allowed to attend either)
- Question 78: What was formed to serve as an international organization to keep peace after WWI?
- Answer: League of Nations
- Question 79: The Treaty of Versailles punished which country?
- Question 80: How did the Treaty of Versailles punish the above country?
- Answer: Blame (Germany had to accept full BLAME for the war in the War Guilt Clause)
Reparations $$$ (Germany had to pay 6.6 Billion pounds to England and France for damages)
Army (Germany had to demilitarize: only 100,000 soldiers, 6 battleships/cruisers, 12 destroyers, 0 subs, 0 air force)
Territorial losses (Germany lost all 11 African colonies and the Rhineland which supplied them with 50% of their iron)
- Question 81: TRUE or FALSE: Russia was very well industrialized, and able to keep up with Western Europe
- Question 82: Which war did Russia get involved in that cost them 15 million soldiers?
- Question 83: Which revolutionary leader took control of Russia after the Tzar stepped down?
- Question 84: Which dynasty ended in 1917?
- Question 85: Explain how Japan used aggression prior to WWII. Answer must include info on Manchuria and the Rape of Nanjing:
- Answer: Japan invaded Manchuria and Nanjing without any punishment from the League of Nations. This aggressive behavior only encouraged Fascists leaders Mussolini and Hitler to also become aggressive
- Question 86: Which country in Africa did Italy invade?
- Question 87: Which country faced a civil war, and was helped by the Fascist countries of Europe?
- Question 88: How did Hitler violate the Treaty of Versailles after WWI? Give at least 2 examples.
- Answer: 1) He secretly built up his military. 2) He invaded the Rhineland and the Sudetenland. After he took over the Sudetenland the League of Nations gave in using the policy of appeasement. Hitler broke the agreement in 6 months.
- Question 89: What battle pushed Germany out of Africa and back into Europe?
- Question 90: What battle caused the Germans to surrender due to the harsh Russian winter, and running low of supplies?
- Question 91: TRUE or FALSE: D-day was to close the French Border to stop the Germans from attacking Britain.
- Question 92: What day, month, and year was Pearl Harbor attacked by the Japanese?
- Answer: December 7th, 1941 – WHY did they attack? (oil embargo)
- Question 93: Why did America use the Atomic bomb instead of a land attack on Japan?
- Answer: They wanted a quick end to the war. The Atomic Bomb was ready, and they thought it would be the best way to get Japan to surrender quickly
- Question 94: Which group of people were blamed for Germany’s problems after WWI?
- Question 95: How did the Nazi party plan to get rid of these people?
- Answer: Final Solution – Concentration camps throughout Germany and Poland. Used to exterminate the Jews and others. It was an ethnic cleansing of “non-aryans” .
- Question 96: What three countries met in Yalta to negotiate post WWII?
- Answer: USA (Roosevelt), USSR (Stalin), Great Britain (Churchill)
- Question 97: What did they decide about the end of the war?
- Answer: Churchill, Stalin, and Roosevelt agreed to split Germany into four zones, headed by Britain, USA, USSR, and France. They decided to split Berlin the same way. Stalin agreed to allow elections in nations of Eastern Europe. He also said that he would declare war on Japan within 3 months of a German surrender.
- Question 98: What plan provided money to nations in Western Europe to help them rebuild after WWII?
- Answer: MARSHALL PLAN (Gave ~$13 billion to help rebuild post-war Europe)
- Question 99: This program provided military aid to countries who were threatened by Communism:
- Answer: Truman Doctrine – USA promised economic & military help to any nation threatened by communism.
- Question 100: Organization that included all democratic nations of Western Europe
- Question 101: Organization that was formed by the communist countries in response to the democratic organization
- Question 102: Name of the Peace Organization created after WWII
- Question 103: TRUE or FALSE: MacArthur’s plan allowed landowners to keep all of their private land.
- Question 104: TRUE or FALSE: Japan was permanently demilitarized after WWII.
AKS 48, 49, & 50- COLD WAR, NEW NATIONALISM, & GLOBALIZATION
48a – Arms race; nuclear weapons, and efforts to limit the spread of nuclear weapons.
48c – Nationalism in Asia
48d – Anti-apartheid, Tiananmen Square, and the fall of the Berlin Wall.
AKS 49a – Ethnic conflicts
49b – Breakup of the Soviet Union
49d – Rise of women as major world leaders
50a & 50b – Globalization
- Question 105: Define Cold War
- Answer: Conflict between the USA and the USSR. They were trying to contain communism. It was also a nuclear arms race between the two countries.
- Question 106: What 2 countries were involved in the Cold War?
- Answer: United States and USSR
- Question 107: Which type of bomb was developed that was 1000x more powerful than the Atomic Bomb?
- Answer: Hydrogen Bomb (H-Bomb)
- Question 108: How did the countries try to limit the spread of nuclear weapons?
- Answer: 1968 – The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty – was signed by 137 countries.
- Question 109: In 1939, what country reversed its 1917 Balfour Declaration, which promised to secure a Jewish homeland, creating conflict between Jews & Arabs in Palestine?
- Question 110: In November 1947, who voted to separate Palestine into two separate states: one Jewish, one Arab?
- Answer: United Nations. This plan was accepted by Jews, but rejected by the Arabs.
- Question 111: When Israel declared their independence and won the war, which group was uprooted and left as refugees?
- Answer: 700,000 Palestinians because their land was being given to Jewish immigrants.
- Question 112: Which group was given the Palestinians land?
- Answer: Jewish immigrants
- Question 113: Name of the man who freed India from British control
- Answer: Mohandas K Gandhi started the Quit India movement during WWII in an effort to gain immediate independence from the British. British but him in jail, along with 60,000 others. He was later assassinated by a Hindu extremist due to Gandhi’s tolerance of Muslims.
- Question 114: What country did Muslim Indians create after independence?
- Question 115: After the Chinese Civil War, which revolutionary leader took control?
- Question 116: Program of violent change to get rid of “the old ways” in China
- Answer: CULTURAL REVOLUTION
- Question 117: Violent campaign of land reform in China
- Answer: GREAT LEAP FORWARD
- Question 118: After WWII, many African countries began the fight for
- Question 119: Which African leader was jailed, and later became President
- Question 120: This was the protest in China demanding democracy
- Question 121: This became the symbol of the collapse of communism
- Question 122: This advocated for Black Nationalism
- Question 123: What was the aim of Pan-Arabism?
- Answer: Create a single Arab state
- Question 124: This war highlighted the deep divisions that existed among Arab states
- Question 125: What religious group were the Bosnian Serbs trying to eliminate?
- Question 126: Which group was trying to regain power during the Rwandan genocide?
- Question 127: Name the 3 women world leaders and the countries they lead:
- Answer: 1) Golda Meir – Israel 2) Indira Gandhi - India 3) Margaret Thatcher - England
- Question 128: World Health Organization, Food and Agricultural Organization, UNICEF, and UNESCO all are part of what peace keeping organization?
- Question 129: Countries in the Middle East and Latin America joined together to promote the global oil market
- Answer: OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)
- Question 130: This organization facilitates free and reliable trade round the world
- Answer: World Trade Organization