Changing Trends & Careers in Physical Education – Condensed Notes
Page 1
• Physical Education (PE) has ancient roots; stressed most in ancient Greece and India
• Term is broad—more than training, play or health; it is education “of the body, through the body”
• Learning outcomes of the chapter: concept/aim/objectives of PE, post-independence growth, changing trends (surface, gear, tech), career options, Khelo India & Fit India
Page 2
• Key definition (H.C. Buck): PE = growth & total development via big-muscle activities
• Other definitions (Bucher, Oberteuffer, Cassidy, Nash, Williams & Brownell, Cowell, Brownell) all stress holistic development through movement
• Conclusion: PE = integral part of general education promoting physical, mental, social, emotional growth
Page 3
• Aim of PE = wholesome development / “complete living”
• Objectives are steps toward the aim; various scholars list them differently
• Clarke: \text{(1) Physical fitness (2) Social efficiency (3) Culture}
• Bookwalter: \text{Health, Worthy use of leisure, Ethical character, Social standards}
• Hetherington & Leslie give similar multi-aspect lists
Page 4 – 5 (Merged)
Main synthesised objectives of PE
• Physical development – improves all body systems
• Mental development – concentration, decision-making, knowledge (rules, anatomy, hygiene)
• Social development – cooperation, leadership, sportsmanship, tolerance
• Neuro-muscular coordination – efficient, accurate movement
• Emotional development – control/express emotions appropriately
• Health development – disease prevention, stress reduction
Page 6 – 7
Post-Independence milestones
• 1948 Tara Chand Committee; NCC/ACC
• 1950 CABPER (advised PE as compulsory)
• 1951 1st Asian Games Delhi
• 1953 Rajkumari Coaching Scheme ➔ 1961 NIS Patiala
• 1954 All India Council of Sports; National Discipline Scheme
• 1957 Laxmibai College (later LNIPE)
• 1959 National Physical Efficiency Drive
• 1965 National Fitness Corps
• 1970 Rural Sports & Talent Search Scholarships
• 1975 National Sports Championship for women
• 1982 Ministry of Sports & Asian Games Delhi
• 1984 SAI + 1st National Sports Policy
• 1988 NCERT PE curriculum (core subject by 2000)
• 2001 New National Sports Policy
• 2014 TOPS (revamped 2018; Junior TOPS 2020)
• 2018 CBSE MPE compulsory
• 2017-18 Khelo India ; 2019 Fit India
Page 8 – 9
Changing Trends – Playing Surface
• Modern materials: synthetic tracks, artificial turf, polymeric courts, rubberised runways
• Benefits: safety, injury reduction, higher speed, energy return, shock absorption
Page 9 – 10
Wearable Gears & Equipment
• Essential for injury prevention & performance tracking
• Key items: mouth guards, helmets, pads, eye shields, protective cups, joint guards, sport-specific footwear
• Smart wearables record \text{HR, speed, impact, stress} for athletes & coaches
Page 10 – 12
Technological Advancements
• Sensors – heart-rate, inertial, GPS, sleep; enable real-time data & injury prevention
• Instant replay – aids officiating accuracy
• Smart equipment – data-enabled treadmills, dumbbells, swimwear
• Digital media – immediate video analysis & global coverage
• Injury modelling, VR training for players & fan experience
Page 13 – 15
Career Options – Teaching
• Levels: elementary, middle, high, senior-secondary, college/university
• College/university require \text{MPEd} + NET/PhD; also coach teams
• Non-school teaching: clubs, community centres, resorts (limited in India)
Page 15 – 16
Career Options – Coaching
• School, college, university teams; state depts.; SAI; pro clubs
• Pros: intrinsic rewards, respect
• Cons: long hours, pressure to win
• Desirable: diploma/MS in coaching, updated rules knowledge
Page 16 – 17
Health-Related Careers
• Health & weight-control clubs, fitness centres – large job market
• Athletic trainer – injury prevention & rehab (more scope abroad)
Page 17 – 18
Administration Careers
• Dept. of PE (chairperson/head)
• Director / Asst. Director of Sports – universities, districts, states
• Industrial recreation directors
• Sports facility managers – gyms, stadia, pools, arenas
Page 18 – 19
Performance Careers
• Professional athlete – limited duration; scholarships & jobs (defence, railways, etc.)
• Officials – referee, umpire, scorer; part-/full-time
Page 19 – 21
Media & Communication Careers
• Sports journalism – print & digital
• Book writing / publishing – high need in PE sub-disciplines
• Sports photography
• Broadcasting – TV, radio, streaming; requires sport knowledge + presentation
• Marketing & sales of sports goods; sports industry & design
Page 23 – 24
Khelo India Programme (launched 2017-18)
Key components (12):
Playfield development
Community coach development
State Khelo India Centres
Annual sports competitions
Talent search & 5\,00,000 ₹ / athlete / year (8 yrs)
Infrastructure creation/upgradation
Support to academies
School children fitness testing
Sports for women
Sports for specially-abled
Sports for peace & development
Promotion of rural/indigenous games
Page 24 – 25
Fit India Movement (launched 29\,Aug\,2019)
Objectives:
• Make fitness easy, fun, free
• Promote indigenous sports
• Awareness through campaigns
• Reach every school/college/village
• Public platform for fitness stories
• Encourage daily physical activity (pledge)
Logo: 4 Asiatic lions + Ashoka Chakra, bull (hard work), horse (energy)
Benefits: disease reduction, longevity, mental health, bone density, productivity
Page 26 onwards
Exercises, MCQs, Case-studies – reinforce above concepts; answers provided in text.