Apartheid legislation 1948-59

‘49: Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act

• marriage of mixed races illegal

‘50: Immorality Act

• s3xual relations between different raced people illegal

Group areas Act

• authorized displacement of ethnic groups out of area e.g. Sophiatown, slums of African people near Jo’burg

‘51: Bantu Authorities Act

• home areas of African people now ‘Tribal reserves’, led by tribal leaders appointed by gov.

‘52: Native Laws Amendment Act

• Standardized pass laws with new reference books

‘53: Bantu Education Act

• removed control over African education from Ministry of Education to Ministry of Native affairs

• Ended state subsidies for mission schools, forcing most to close and expanded government-run system

‘59: Extension of Universities Act

• 1 out of 4 English Language unis, Fort Hare, for coloured, Indian and African students forced to close

• NP opened segregated colleges for Indian, coloured and Zulu students

Bantu Self-government Act:

• made homelands ‘independent’ and removed them officially from S.A statistics

• = English-speaking white people and Afrikaners effectively largest ethnic group