Philippine Literature Review Sheet

Philippine Literary Periods

• Pre-colonial
• Spanish Colonial
• American Colonial
• Japanese Occupation
• Post-war/Contemporary
• $21^{st}$-Century

Elements of Literature under Colonial Regimes

• Spanish: religion, didactic tone, corridos & awit, catechism texts, folklore translations
• American: free verse, short story, social realism, English language
• Japanese: haiku/tanka influence, guerilla themes, vernacular revival

$21^{st}$-Century Philippine Literature

• Blending of regional voices & languages
• Digital/online platforms
• Hybrid & experimental forms
• Global themes with local setting

Representative Regional Texts & Authors

• Ilocos: Francisco Lopez (Iloko Doctrina Cristiana), Leona Florentino (Nalpay a Namnama), Pedro Bucaneg (Biag ni Lam-ang)
• Cagayan Valley: Ines T. Cammayo, Fernando Maramag
• Central Luzon: Anicio Pascual, Macaria Garcia
• CALABARZON/Bicol: Manuel Reyes, Jose Rizal (Maria Makiling); Merito Espinas (Ibalon)
• Western Visayas: Panayanon riddles/proverbs, “Tungkung Langit & Alunsina”
• Central Visayas: Vicente Sotto (“Maming”)
• Eastern Visayas: Clodualdo del Mundo
• NCR: Estrella Alfon, Jose Garcia-Villa, Nick Joaquin

Conventional Literary Genres

• Poetry – rhythmic, imagery-laden language
• Drama – dialogue & performance, conflict onstage
• Fiction – imagined narrative (novels, short stories)
• Non-fiction – factual prose (essays, biography)

$21^{st}$-Century Literary Genres

• Illustrated Novel – $\approx50\%$ images; reader interprets visuals
• Digital Fiction – computer-based text with audio, video, hyperlinks
• Graphic Novel – long, stand-alone sequential art narrative
• Manga – Japanese right-to-left comics; wide genre range
• Doodle Fiction – hand-drawn doodles + handwritten text
• Text-Talk Novel – story in chat/email/SNS dialogue
• Chick Lit – modern woman’s life/romance, humorous tone
• Flash Fiction – complete story under $1{,}500$ words
• Six-Word Flash – story told in exactly $6$ words
• Creative Non-fiction – factual narrative using fiction techniques
• Science Fiction – speculative tech/science, future/alt realities
• Blog – periodic web entries, personal or topical
• Hyper-poetry – digital poem with links, movement, sound

Poetry vs Hyper-Poetry (Essentials)

• Medium: paper vs computer/web
• Structure: static lines vs interactive linked segments
• Imagery: reader’s mind vs visual/sound enhancements

Quick Comparison Guide

Similarities (Doodle Fiction, Manga, Graphic Novel)
• Sequential art + text
• Visual storytelling
• Panel or page layout guides pacing

Differences (sample)
• Art style: cartoon doodles vs manga aesthetics vs varied graphic art
• Text style: handwritten / R-L Japanese / standard fonts
• Publication: standalone book vs serialized magazine vs hybrid notebooks

Use this sheet for last-minute recall of key periods, authors, conventional and $21^{st}$-century genres.