Dari Language and Culture Flashcards

Culture Chat Review

• Culture Chat Game: Matching phrases with their meanings:
  • Lutfan: Please
  • Nosheh-jaan!: May you enjoy it!
  • Congratulations!
  • Khwahesh maykunum!: I insist! Thank you!
  • Qabuleh tashakur nayst!: It’s not worthy of a thank you!
  • Safar-eh khush!: Happy travels!
  • Sal-eh naw mubarak!: Happy New Year!
  • Tashakur!: Thank you!
  • Mubarak basha!: Congratulations!

New Conversation

• Asking about work:
  • Do you work?:
    • Tu kar maykuni? [informal]
    • Shuma kar maykuneyn? [formal]
  • Yes, I do work.: Baley, mah kar maykunum.
  • No, I don’t work.: Neh, mah kar namaykunum.
  • Where do you work?:
    • Tu dar kujah kar maykuni? [informal]
    • Shuma dar kujah kar maykuneyn? [formal]
  • Do you work from home?:
    • Tu az khana kar maykuni? [informal]
    • Shuma az khana kar maykuneyn? [formal]
  • Yes, I work from home.: Baley, mah az khana kar maykunum.
  • I work at .: Mah dar kar maykunum.
  • No, I work at the office.: Neh, mah dar daftar kar maykunum.

Homework Review

Numbers

• Twenty: $20$ - بیست - Beast
• Thirty: $30$ - سی - See
• Forty: $40$ - چهل - Chil
• Fifty: $50$ - پنجاه - Peinja
• Sixty: $60$ - شصت - Shast
• Seventy: $70$ - هفتاد - Haftad
• Eighty: $80$ - هشتاد - Hashtad
• Ninety: $90$ - نود - Nawad
• Creating double-digit numbers between 21-99: Add ‘o’ between numbers. Examples:
  • $20 + 1 = 21$ (beast o yak = beast o yak)
  • $80 + 5 = 85$ (hashtad o panj = hashtad o panj)
  • $30 + 4 = 34$ (see o char = see o char)

Telling Time

• What time is it?: Chand bajah ast?
  • Say bajah ast. (Three o'clock)
  • Dah bajah ast. (Ten o'clock)
  • Panj bajah ast. (Five o'clock)
• Rule for on the hour: [hour number] + bajah + ast
• Rule for half hour: [hour number] + o + neem + ast
  • Noh o neem ast. (9:30)
• Rule for any other time: [hour number] + o + [minute number] + ast
  • Yak o peinja o panj ast. (1:55)
  • Panj o panzdah ast. (5:15)
  • Dah o chil o panj ast. (10:45)
  • Char o panj ast. (4:05)
  • Yazdah o see o panj ast. (11:35)

Family Members

• Mom's side:
  • Khala: خاله - Aunt (Mom's sister)
  • Mah-mah: ماما - Uncle (Mom's brother)
• Dad's side:
  • Kah-kah: کاکا - Uncle (Dad's brother)
  • Ama: عمه - Aunt (Dad's sister)
• Byadar-eh madar-ehm mah-mah-eh mah ast. (My mom’s brother is my uncle.)
• Khwar-eh madar-ehm khal-eh mah ast. (My mom’s sister is my aunt.)
• Ou panj khala dara. (She has 5 aunts. [mom’s side])
• Khwar-eh padar-ehm am-eh mah ast. (My dad’s sister is my aunt.)
• Byadar-eh padar-ehm kah-kah-eh mah ast. (My dad’s brother is my uncle.)
• Shuma yak kah-kah dareyn? (Do you have an uncle? [dad’s side] [f])
• Am-eh tu dar kujah ast? (Where is your aunt? [dad’s side] [i])
• Mah-mah-eh Mariam key ast? (Who is Mariam’s uncle? [mom’s side])

Prepositions

• At / In: dar - در
• From: az - از
• Ou dar kitab khana ast. (She is at the library.)
• Tu az kujah asti? (Where are you from? [i])
• Ou az Canada ast. (He is from Canada.)
• Aushpaz khana dar kujah ast? (Where is the kitchen at?)
• Bach-ehm dar maktab ast. (My son is at school.)
• Madar kalan-eh Sarah dar shafa khana ast. (Sarah’s grandma is in the hospital.)
• Padar-ehm dar dawa khana ast. (My dad is at the pharmacy.)
• Motar-eh maah dar garage ast. (Our car is in the garage.)
• Mariam az Europa ast. (Mariam is from Europe.)
• Khal-eh Ali dar cinama ast. (Ali’s aunt (mom’s side) is at the movies.)

Grammar: Present Tense of Kardan (to do)

• kardan: to do
  • Mah may-kun-um (I do / I am doing)
  • Tu may-kun-i (You do / You are doing [informal / singular])
  • Ou may-kun-a (He / She does / He / She is doing)
  • Maah may-kun-eym (We do / We are doing)
  • Shuma may-kun-eyn (You do / You are doing [formal / plural])
  • Oon-ha may-kun-an / Eyn-ha may-kun-an (They do / They are doing)
• na-kardan: to not do
  • Mah na-maykunum (I do not / I am not doing)
  • Tu na-maykuni (You do not / You are not doing [informal / singular])
  • Ou na-maykuna (He / She does not / He / She is not doing)
  • Maah na-maykuneym (We do not / We are not doing)
  • Shuma na-maykuneyn (You do not / You are not doing [formal / plural])
  • Oon-ha na-maykunan / Eyn-ha na-maykunan (They do not / They are not doing)
• NOTE: May = present tense prefix – the majority of verbs in the present tense will start with ‘may’
• Shuma chi maykuneyn? (What are you doing? [f])
• Mah kar maykunum. (I am working.)
• Doctar dar shafa khana kar maykuna. (The doctor works at the hospital.)
• Aushpaz dar aushpaz khana kar maykuna. (The chef is working in the kitchen.)
• Maah dar khana kar maykuneym. (We are working at home.)
• Tu dar kujah kar maykuni? (Where do you work? [i])
• Oon-ha dar kitab khana kar maykunan. (They work at the library.)
• kar = work
• kar kardan = to work
• Mah kar namaykunum. (I am not working.)
• Oon-ha dar shafa khan-eh kalan kar namaykunan. (They don’t work at the big hospital.)
• Khwar-eh mah az khana kar namaykuna. (My sister doesn’t work from home.)
• Ahmad dar dokan kar namaykuna. (Ahmad is not working at the store.)
• Oon-ha yak shanbay kar namaykunan. (They are not working on Sunday.)
• Mah panj shanbay kar namaykunum. (I am not working on Thursday.)
• Oon-ha dar kitab khana kar namaykunan. (They don’t work at the library.)
• Kah-kah-eh mah dar kitab khana kar namaykuna. (My uncle [dad’s side] doesn’t work at the library.)
• kar nakardan = to not work

Numbers (Continued)

• Hundred: $100$ - صد - Sad
• One Hundred: $100$ - يک صد - Yak sad
• Thousand: $1000$ - هزار - Hazar
• One Thousand: $1000$ - يک هزار - Yak hazar
• Hundred Thousand: $100000$ - صد هزار - Sad hazar
• One Hundred Thousand : $100000$ - يک صد هزار / يک لک - Yak sad hazar / Yak lak
• Million: $1000000$ - ميليون - Mill-ey-yoon
• One Million: $1000000$ - يک ميليون

Number Tip

• For numbers like 150, 250, 350, etc., it's more common to say ‘neem’ or half.
  • $250$: Do o neem sad / Do sad o peinja
  • $950$: Noh o neem sad / Noh sad o peinja
  • $350$: Say o neem sad / Say sad o peinja

Ordinal Numbers

• First: اول - Awal (Awal is only used for 1st)
• Second: دوم - Do-om
• Third: سوم - Say-om
• Fourth: چهارم - Char-om
• Fifth: پنجم - Panj-om
• Sixth: ششم - Shash-om
• Seventh: هفتم - Haft-om
• Eighth: هشتم - Hasht-om
• Ninth: نهم - Noh-om
• Tenth: دهم - Dah-om
• 20th: Beast-om
• 21st: Beast o yak-om
• Mah awal astum. (I am first.)
• Ou do-om ast. (She is second.)
• Khwar-eh mah say-om ast. (My sister is third.)
• Kar-eh awal-eh mah ast. (It is my first job.)
• Motar-eh char-om-eh byadar-ehm ast. (It is my brother’s fourth car.)
• Ou zan-eh say-om-ehm ast. (She is my third wife.)

Liking vs. Needing

• Mah khush darum. = من ـــــــــــ خوش دارم. (I like _.)
• Mah kar darum. = من ـــــــــــ کار دارم. (I need _.)
• Mah sayb khush darum. (I like apples.)
• Maah motar khush dareym. (We like cars.)
• Khwar-eh mah sag khush dara. (My sister likes dogs.)
• Oon-ha kitab khush daran. (They like books.)
• Mah yak motar kar darum. (I need a car.)
• Ou yak chawki kar dara. (She needs a chair.)
• Madar-eh mah yak doctor kar dara. (My mom needs a doctor.)
• Ou yak khana kar dara. (He needs a house.)

New Culture Chat

• تا دیدار آینده! - Ta deedar-eh ayenda!
  • Literal translation: Until visiting you in the future.
  • Usage: Said when parting ways with someone – equivalent to saying ‘see you later’ or ‘until next time’.

Homework Assignment

• Review all new vocabulary.
• Complete the homework slides on the subsequent pages for the verb ‘raftan’.

Modes of Transportation

• Motar - موتر (Car)
• Tayara - طیاره (Airplane)
• Train - ترن (Train)
• Sarwees - سرویس
• Bye-si-kill - بایسکل (Bicycle)
• Motar-si-kill - موتر سیکل (Motorcycle)
• Kishti - کشتی (Boat)

Dari Numbers (Practice)

• $110$
• $220$
• $330$
• $440$
• $550$
• $660$
• $770$
• $880$
• $990$
• $1,001$
• $1,010$
• $1,100$

Grammar: Present Tense of Raftan (to go) - Homework

• raftan: to go
  • Mah may-r-um (I go / I am going)
  • Tu may-r-i (You go / You are going [informal / singular])
  • Ou may-r-a (He / She goes / He / She is going)
  • Maah may-r-eym (We go / We are going)
  • Shuma may-r-eyn (You go / You are going [formal / plural])
  • Oon-ha may-r-an / Eyn-ha may-r-an (They go / They are going)
• na-raftan: to not go
  • Mah na-mayrum (I don’t go / I am not going)
  • Tu na-mayri (You don’t go / You are not going [informal / singular])
  • Ou na-mayra (He / She doesn’t go / He / She is not going)
  • Maah na-mayreym (We don’t go / We are not going)
  • Shuma na-mayreyn (You don’t go / You are not going [formal / plural])
  • Oon-ha na-mayran / Eyn-ha na-mayran (They don’t go / They are not going)
• NOTE: May = present tense prefix – the majority of verbs in the present tense will start with ‘may’
• I am going in your car. [i]
• Are you going on the airplane? [i]
• She is going in the train.
• We are going in the yellow bus.
• Are you going on his motorcycle? [f]
• They are going on a big boat.
• I am not going home.
• They are not going to my house.
• My brother is not going to work.
• His mom is not going to our house.
• Are you not going to the store? [f]
• I am not going to the big library.
• They are not going to the masjid on Friday.
• We are not going to school on Monday.