(III.)-(V.) ECONOMIC INSTITUTIONS, STATE INSTITUTIONS (Philippines), And INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

Market vs. Non-Market Economies

• Market: Uses money, supply/demand (e.g., capitalism).

• Non-Market: Barter, reciprocity, government-controlled.

Economic Sectors

1. Primary: Raw materials (e.g., farming, mining).

2. Secondary: Manufacturing.

3. Tertiary: Services (e.g., BPO, retail).

Non-State Institutions

• Banks: Lend money for productivity.

• Corporations: Profit-driven with social responsibility.

• Trade Unions: Advocate for workers’ rights (e.g., Collective Bargaining Agreement).

• Cooperatives: Member-owned (e.g., credit unions).

STATE INSTITUTIONS (Philippines)

Examples

• DepEd: Manages education.

• DOH: Oversees health policies.

• DILG: Local governance.

• PNP: National police.

• SSS: Social security for workers.

Non-State Examples

• BDO/BPI: Private banks.

• San Miguel Corp.: Diversified conglomerate.

• PLDT: Telecom provider.

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

• UN: Peacekeeping, global cooperation.

• WHO: Global health.

• WTO: Trade regulation.

• IMF/World Bank: Development funding (criticized for transparency).