Groups studying the evolution of science and technology.
Examination of key discoveries and innovations over time.
Example: The Wheel (Ancient Mesopotamia, 3500 BCE)
Demonstrates the synergy between science (understanding physics) and technology (creation of the wheel).
History of science and technology reveals how they shaped human civilization.
Origin of the word from Latin "scientia," meaning knowledge.
A systematic method involving observation, experimentation, and reasoning.
Derived from the Greek "techne" (art/skill) and "logia" (study).
Application of scientific knowledge to create tools, systems, and solutions.
Example: The Lycurgus Cup (Roman Empire, 4th Century CE)
Changes color based on light angles, an early example of nanotechnology.
As an Idea: Theories and explanations about natural phenomena.
As an Intellectual Activity: Systematic study and experimentation.
As a Body of Knowledge: Organized discipline of scientific understanding.
As a Personal/Social Activity: Tools for real-world problem-solving and improving life.
comes from the latin word “antecedens” meaning going before or precedinging.
refers to earlier discoveries
Example: The Atomic Theory
An educated guess formulated as an "if-then" statement.
Tested with data to be accepted or rejected.
A well-substantiated explanation from repeated observations.
Example: The Theory of Evolution explains species changes through natural selection.
Paradigm: A widely accepted scientific framework.
Paradigm Shift: New evidence causing drastic changes in beliefs.
Discoveries driven by survival needs, trade, warfare, and curiosity.
Ancient civilization contributions laid the groundwork for advancements in science and technology.
Earliest known writing system using clay tablets for record-keeping.
Facilitated economic transactions, literature, and trade.
Developed a base-60 numeral system influencing time (60 seconds/minute, etc.).
was also used in geometry creating 360 degree circles.
Created lunar calendars and recorded celestial movements aiding eclipse predictions.
Ziggurats
Pyramid-like structures for religious purposes, built from sun-dried bricks.
Ancient Wheel
Sumerians credited for the wheel, revolutionizing transportation.
Chariots
Sumerians invented chariots, changing military tactics.
Writing on papyrus began around 3000 BCE.
Allowed for more efficient record-keeping than stone tablets.
pith of a plant called cyperus papyrus
Knowledge of geometry for architectural engineering, algebra for solving equations.
Pyramids
Great Pyramid of Giza showcases engineering precision using ramps and levers.
Shadoof
Ancient irrigation tool used for lifting water, promoting agricultural efficiency.
hand-operated device
Study of metallic elements and their behaviors; process of extracting metals.
Ancient health care system emphasizing balance for maintaining health.
“science of life”
World’s oldest known mechanical computer, predicting astronomical positions.
similar to a clock for it has circular face
Hydraulic device for waking people, a precursor to modern alarm clocks.
First awakening device for people
Device for raising water used in irrigation and hydroelectric power applications.
Hippocrates and others advanced clinical observation and surgical techniques.
Greek doctors: Herophilos, Erasistratus
Often considered the "Dark Ages" with a deterioration of culture and science, yet advancements occurred.
Military Technologies: Counterweight trebuchet and longbows for warfare.
Agricultural Innovations: Horse harnessing and three-field crop rotation to improve farming.
Medical Advancements: Innovations in ophthalmology and hygiene practices.
Rapid industrialization requiring greater efficiency in every sector of society.
Major advancement in biology and medicine.
Critical for astronomy, first invented by Galileo.
Pioneering technology that influenced modern computing.
Credit to the Wright Brothers for demonstrating flight principles.
Invention attributed to John Logie Baird.
Historical evolution crucial to shaping economic and social fabric of nations.
Indigenous knowledge impacted agriculture, architecture, and everyday life.
Spanish introduced new crops and technologies.
Establishment of schools and hospitals during colonization.
Infrastructure and public health improvements from the American occupation.
Establishment of research institutions and advancements in education and industry.
Science and technology's historical and antecedent developments significantly influenced society's growth and innovation, enhancing education, healthcare, and overall progress.