Henry VIII

Henry VIII after getting crowned

  • Introduced a amensty (except for debt)

  • Arrestested his father’s ministers (Dudley & ) -> the one who introduced the unpopular fiscal policies

Dudley

  • Wrote a treaties of English law called “Tree of Common Wealth”

Henry VIII sought glory

  • In his sucession France and Spain were the growing powers

  • Joined the Holy League with Pope ____ to drive the French out of Italy (Battle of the Spurs)

    • Henry claimed victory

  • Henry commensed the siege of ____ French City

Scotland chose to invade the English counties

Catherine of Aragon fought off the Scotish

  • A consider army was sent north under Thomas Howard (Earl of Surrey)

    • Battle of Floundarser Field (South of the boarder of England and Scotland)

      • King James IV was killed along with many high scotish lords

    • Henry’s nephew from Margret was crowned king of scots

The Appearance of Glory without the substance

Henry VII aimed the problems of policy dicisions stragetically (business)

Henry VII aimed for glory and power — couldn’t distinguish the two

Thomas Wosely

  • Son of a butcher

  • Rose rapidly through the heriacrchy

  • 1507- entered the crowned service as a clergy

  • 1508- took a trip to scotland to discuss rumors if scot and french treaty was still in play

  • Policy of Peace

  • 1511 - service of Henry VIII- Wosley changes his stance to policy of war - turns against his past — privy council = neutralize the old guards

  • 1515 -created a cardinal by the pope for a favor of Henry VIII— councilor of england

  • Promote king’s will in all ways (Workaholic- ideal royal servant)

  • Transcationional acitoon between Wosely and Henry VIII - wosely does all the work, Henry VIII gets all the power

Henry VIII = Public Piproetry

  • Treaty of Seven Sacraces  (1521)

  • Earned Henry VIII the title of the defender of the faith

1521- the monarchies of england have used the phase (even on their coin)

Even after they separated from the catholic church

Warfare is every age is ruinously expensive

  • There is no way constand funds could be raised for constant warefare (the thing Henry VIII wanted for glory)

  • By the 1520s Henry VIII has all but depleted the resources of the treasury that Henry VII has left behind (most on warfare, some of lavish parties)

Henry VII was a business men

Henry VIII let water slip through his fingers like water (If the money’s there it’s just asking to be spent)

Wosely could justify the king’s war. The pressing question was how to pay for the wars

1522, 1523- more wars expidention with Charles (Holy Roman Emperor)

1523- the parlimanet was called into session. Henry VIII asked for more funds.

  • the money could only be raised by increased taxes

  • Parliment through pressure, bribrey, etc. gave Henry VIII the funds

Wosely task going forward is more difficult because henry VIII was expecting him to produce the funds for warfare and glory

Charles V opposing France

1525- French suffer a major defeat and the king was taken as prisoner

Henry VIII makes a alliance with the french — revuslion with the frnech alliance with england

The foreign policy crafted by wosley to Henry VIII reached a crisis

  • up until now wosely had found creative means to raise the funds for these wars

1526 — wosely or other (The Great Crisis of the Tutor Monarchy)

  • goes back to the black death

  • Question fundalments of god— weakened the church— spread cracks on how enlishmen saw themselves —nothing is certain anymore

Mid 14century — onwards

Withclif ideoly

  • lower class

  • The entire aparatus of the church was not necesa and henrience to salvation

  • Church should return to an earlier structure (theory of conseralism)

  • short term the english branch of the catholic church survied the black death and survived witholism

  • English were pirporus people but it was concentional and performative

At one time english church has produced saints but since the early part of the 15th century.

Henry VIII- the leadership of the english church mirrored the spirtual of the england

The english church became an arm to england state

1526- several fundamental problems have come into clear focus

  • Catherine of Aragon has not produced a surviving son. Only one surviving daughter (Mary I)—Henry VIII wanted to get a son to succeed him

  • Roll back spanish/hasburg rule in europe

Henry VIII turned to Cardinal Wosley

  • Wosely is about to fall from power dramatically

  • Died naturally instead of being executed

Henry VIII is taking the government of england in his own hands