BIOL 213 Online Section - Study Guide

General Study Guidance

  • Utilize Learning Outcomes: For each section within the textbook, refer to the "outcomes listed at the start" as a roadmap for essential material.
  • Verify Understanding: After watching videos, use the "Check Your Understanding" questions at the end of each section in the book. If you cannot answer them without notes or the book, take a break before continuing.
  • Focus on Instructor's Emphasis: Prioritize topics and details specifically highlighted in the video lectures and PowerPoint presentations.
  • Skip "Developmental Aspects" Sections: These sections are consistently omitted due to time constraints in the course.

Chapter 16 - Endocrine System

16.1: Endocrine and Nervous Systems Comparison

  • Endocrine System Control: Understand what aspects the endocrine system primarily regulates.
  • Gland Types: Review and compare different types of glands, drawing upon knowledge from Chapter 4.
  • Chemical Signals: Be aware of the four types of chemical signals discussed in lecture (the book lists 33).

16.2: Hormone Classification and Comparison

  • Amino Acid/Protein-Based Hormones: Compare and contrast with lipid-based (steroid) hormones.
  • Lipid-Based (Steroid) Hormones: Understand their distinct characteristics relative to amino acid/protein-based hormones.

16.3: Receptor Locations

  • Receptor Placement: Briefly learn the typical locations for receptors specific to amino acid/protein-based hormones versus lipid-based (steroid) hormones.

16.4: Endocrine Gland Stimulation

  • Stimuli for Glands: Identify what factors can trigger the activity of an endocrine gland.

16.5: Key Terminology

  • Bold Terms: Review only the bolded terms within this section.

16.6: Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland

  • Hormone Table: Begin constructing the referenced table for hormones and glands in this section.

16.7: Thyroid Gland

16.8: Parathyroid Gland

16.9: Adrenal Gland

16.10: Pineal Gland

16.11: Pancreas, Gonads (Ovaries and Testes), and Thymus

  • Instructor's Focus: For all glands from 16.616.6 to 16.1116.11, concentrate on the information emphasized in the video and PowerPoint presentations.

Chapter 17 - Blood

17.1: Functions of Blood

  • Three Key Functions: Know the three primary functions of blood, providing specific examples for each.

17.2: Composition of Blood

  • Appearance and Characteristics: Describe what blood looks like and any other important inherent characteristics.
  • Main Classifications: Identify the 22 main classifications for blood components.
  • Component Contents: Know what is found within each of the 22 main classifications.

17.3: Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells)

  • Cell Characteristics: Understand the defining characteristics of erythrocytes.
  • Cell Function: Know the primary function of these cells.
  • Erythrocyte Production: Focus on the process of how erythrocytes are made, specifically as discussed in the video and PowerPoint.
  • Regulation: Understand the balance between erythrocyte generation and destruction.
  • Disorders: General information about erythrocyte disorders is beneficial for application questions and lab work.

17.4: Leukocytes (White Blood Cells)

  • Cell Characteristics: Understand the defining characteristics of leukocytes.
  • Types, Classification, Functions, Appearance: Know all the different types of leukocytes, how they are classified, their specific functions, and how their appearances differ from one another.
  • Leukocyte Production: Focus on the process of how leukocytes are made, specifically as discussed in the video and PowerPoint.
  • Leukemia: Learning about Leukemia (within the "Disorders" subsection) will be very beneficial for laboratory sessions.

17.5: Platelets

  • Platelet Production: Focus on how platelets are made, as discussed in the video and PowerPoint.
  • Location and Cell Types: Understand where platelets are found and be aware of the different cell types involved.

17.6: Hemostasis

  • Instructor's Focus: Concentrate only on the areas of hemostasis emphasized in the video and PowerPoint presentations.

17.7: Transfusions

  • Blood Type Creation: Understand the biological basis of blood types.
  • Antigen vs. Antibody: Know the distinction between an antigen and an antibody.
  • Antigen-Antibody Interaction:
    • Describe what occurs when antigens and antibodies interact.
    • Identify the condition that could arise from this interaction.
    • Determine when a person is most susceptible to this happening.
  • A and B Antigens vs. Rh-factor Antigen: Understand the difference between these types of antigens.
  • Blood Type Determination: Be able to correctly determine a person's blood type.
  • Compatible Transfusions: Know which blood types can be safely given to a patient whose blood type is known or has been determined.

17.8: Supplemental Information

  • Exclusion: This section contains interesting information but will not be covered due to time constraints.

Chapters 20 and 21 - Lymphatics and Immunity

Chapter 20: Lymphatic System

20.1: Lymphatic System Overview

  • System Parts: Identify the components of the lymphatic system.
  • System Functions: Understand the overall roles of this system.
  • Fluid Entry: Explain how fluid enters lymphatic capillaries.
  • Fluid Travel and Unloading: Understand the path fluid takes through the system and where it is ultimately unloaded.

20.2: Lymphatic Organs

  • Biggest Organ: Identify the largest organ within the lymphatic system.

20.3: Lymph Nodes

  • Functions: Know the primary functions of lymph nodes.
  • Fluid Movement: Describe how fluid flows through lymph nodes.

20.4-20.6: Lymphatics for Lab

  • Lecture Exclusion: These sections contain valuable information for lab but will not be covered in lecture.

Chapter 21: Immunity

21 Introduction: Immunity Classifications

  • Innate vs. Adaptive Defenses: Compare and contrast innate and adaptive immune defenses.
  • Subclassifications: Understand the subclassifications that fall under these two main categories.

21.1: Surface Barriers

  • Function: Know the primary function of surface barriers.
  • Physical and Chemical Protection: Describe both the physical and chemical protective mechanisms involved.

21.2: Internal Defenses

  • Key Concepts: Ignore bold terms not present in the PowerPoint or video.
  • Five Types: Study all 55 types of internal defenses, understanding their functions and importance.
  • Phagocyte Mobilization: Know the four steps involved in phagocyte mobilization.
  • Inflammation: Describe inflammation, its symptoms, why those symptoms occur, and their purposes.

21.3: Antigens

  • Building on Prior Knowledge: Leverage your understanding of antigens from the blood chapter.
  • Instructor's Focus: Concentrate only on the aspects of antigens discussed in the PowerPoint and video.

21.4: B-lymphocytes vs. T-lymphocytes

  • Comparison: Compare and contrast B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes.
  • Instructor's Focus: Focus only on areas discussed in the PowerPoint and video.

21.5: Humoral Immunity

  • B-cell Activation: Understand the process by which B-cells are activated.
  • Immunological Memory: Grasp the concept of immunological memory.
  • Primary vs. Secondary Immune Responses: Compare the characteristics and differences between primary and secondary immune responses.
  • Antibody Structure/Classes: Skip antibody structure and classification.
  • Antibody Targets and Functions: Crucially, study the specific targets of antibodies and their various functions.

21.6: Lecture Exclusion

  • Omission: This section will not be covered due to time constraints.

21.7: Bonus Opportunity

  • Midterm Bonus: Information from this section could be a source of bonus questions on the lecture portion of the midterm exam.