criminal behavior analysis
Profiling
techniques that identify behavioral, cognitive, emotional, and demographic characteristics of known and unknown individuals based on crime scenes, databases, docs, interviews, and research
Profile based off medical examiners, technicians, and investigators
Who the victim is
Who would seek out this victim
Location (Secondary comfort zone)
Modus operandi and ritual
Main approaches of profiling
Geographical
Where offenders work/spend most of their time
Patterns in locations/timing
Investigative psychology
Theories and techniques used to predict offender behavior characteristics
Intimacy theory
Clinical
Looking at the physical and mental sufferings of the offender
Typological
Analyzing the characteristics of the crime scene to categorize offenders into groups of typical characteristics
Organized and disorganized
In depth analysis of a crime scene
Looking for common patterns with previous incidents
Criminal profiling techniques
Data assimilation
Interviews, crime scene photos, police reports, pathology reports
Crime scene classification
Organized vs disorganized
Crime scene reconstruction
Behavior and sequence of events
Profile generation (can include a sketch)
Physical characteristics, demographics, and behavior
Bottom-up approach
Puts all info together and builds up a logical description
Looks for ways the crime could reflect the offender routine/personality
The process of criminal profiling marries the psychological and rational instincts with all the details of the crime scene
It's more of an art than a science
5 stages of criminal profiling process
Profiling inputs
All possible info
(victims background, criminal history, habits, acquaintances, social status, employment)
Decision processing
Classify the crime: organized or disorganized
(type, style, motive, location, choice of victim)
Crime assessment
Reconstruction
(before, during, and after, determine behaviors)
Offender profile
Hypostatize the type of offender
(age, gender, race, social status, intelligence, descriptors)
Investigative use
Helps narrow down the search for an offender
Assists in planning interviews/interrogations
Criminal profiling includes gathering basic details that include:
Manner, type, location of the crime
Choices of victims
Condition of the crime scene
Communications from the suspects
FBI behavioral science unit created in 1974
Uses a combination of law enforcement and forensic psychology
Goal to develop a description of an offender by analyzing evidence from the crime scene with statements from victims/witnesses
Criminal profiling
Homicides and sexual assaults are the kinds of crimes that are more likely to attract profilers
Behavioral analysis is the preferred term in law enforcement
Criminal profiling is one activity under behavioral analysis
Develop profiles of unknown offender
Analyze crime scenes
Reconstruct crime scenes
Conduct personality tests
Provide advice on investigations
Analyze statements
Analyze suspicious deaths
Help develop interview/interrogation strategies
5 areas of behavior profiling
Crime scene profiling (crime scene analysis)
Profiling unknown offenders based off info gathered at the scene:
Cognitive tendencies
Behavior patterns
Motivations
Emotional disposition
Demographic variables
Geographical profiling (geo-profilers)
Identifying the area of probable residence/area they may strike again based on locations of previous crime sites
Psychological profiling
Used to identify/predict dangerous people
Most times they’re identity is already known
Threat assessment – credibility/seriousness of threat
Rick assessment – evaluated people who violated social norms/displayed strange behavior
Suspect based profiling
Identifying psychological/behavior of people who commit particular types of crimes
Equivocal death analysis (postmortem psychological analysis)
Reconstructing the emotional life/behavioral patterns/cognitive features of a deceased person