REVIEWER FOR NET TECH

  • Encapsulation
    Definition: Encapsulation is a process wherein a new string of information is added to an existing unit to form a new unit of information.

  • Decapsulation
    Definition: Decapsulation is the reverse process of encapsulation wherein the header and tail of a packet are removed to obtain the data payload.

  • Packet
    Definition: Packet is a data unit that is exchanged and transmitted on a network.

  • Header
    Definition: Header is the information segment added before the data payload during packet assembly to facilitate information transmission.

  • Tail
    Definition: Tail is the information segment added after the payload to facilitate information transmission.

  • Protocol Data Unit (PDU)
    Definition: A Protocol Data Unit (PDU) is a specific block of information transferred over a network.

  • Internet Protocol (IP)
    Definition: IP defines a packet and an addressing scheme, transfers data between the Internet and network access layers, and routes packets to remote hosts.

  • Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)
    Definition: ICMP is a TCP/IP protocol that handles errors and controls the process of sending data between computers.

  • Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP)
    Definition: IGMP is a TCP/IP protocol that handles multicasting.

  • Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
    Definition: ARP obtains the physical address of a node from a specific IP number.

  • Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP)
    Definition: RARP allows a host with no local permanent data storage to find its Internet address given its physical address.

  • Ethernet
    Definition: Ethernet is a family of LANs using a CSMA/CD access method and is a best-effort delivery system.

  • Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)
    Definition: PPP is the protocol used for data transfer across a serial line.

  • Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI)
    Definition: FDDI is a set of ANSI protocols for sending digital data over fiber optic cable.

  • Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)
    Definition: ATM is a wide area protocol featuring high data rates and equal-sized packets/cells.

  • Frame Relay
    Definition: Frame Relay is a WAN protocol for LAN internetworking that transmits data across multiple switches and routers.

  • Proxy ARP
    Definition: Proxy ARP is used when a terminal needs to pass data from one segment to another without changing its current IP address.

  • Routing
    Definition: Routing is the process of selecting paths on a network along which packets are sent from a source to a destination.

  • Path Determination
    Definition: Path determination enables a router to compare the destination address to the available routes and select the best path.

  • Routes
    Definition: Routes are the path information used to guide packet forwarding.

  • Router
    Definition: A Router is a network device that forwards packets to a destination subnet based on routes.

  • Packet Routing
    Definition: Packet routing is the overall process of finding the most efficient path for forwarding the IP packet from source to destination.

  • Packet Forwarding
    Definition: Packet forwarding is the passing or moving of information between interfaces according to routing directions.

  • Direct Delivery
    Definition: Direct delivery occurs when the IP node forwards a packet to its final destination in the network.

  • Indirect Delivery
    Definition: Indirect delivery occurs when the IP node forwards a packet to an intermediate node because the final destination is not directly attached.

  • Routing Table
    Definition: A routing table is a database containing information about which router interface to use to send data to a network segment.

  • Route Preference
    Definition: Route preference is the measure used to compare routes from different protocols, with lower values indicating higher preference.

  • Direct Route
    Definition: Direct routes are automatically generated and point to directly connected networks.

  • Static Route
    Definition: Static routes are manually configured by administrators and suited for small/simple networks.

  • Dynamic Route
    Definition: Dynamic routes are learned by routing protocols and reflect changing network topologies.