Untitled Flashcard Set

Jay and Pinkney Treaties - Treaties trying to keep peace between Britain, Spain and US and about trade

quasi-war with France    - started because of XYZ affair, not officially declared

XYZ affair- 3 French officers trying to get Jefferson to pay more to stop seizing ships, he doesn't 

Hartford Convention   - The death of the federalist party

Era of good feelings   - Era of harmony and patriotism after the war

Alien and Sedition Acts + KY VA resolutions - Acts made by Adams during the Jefferson election

Judicial review     - The power (of the court) to decide if something is unconstitutional

Revolution of 1800s   -The election of jefferson

Whiskey rebellion  - Farmers rebellion on Hamiltons whisky tax

Shays rebellion    -Previous farmers rebellion 

Compromise of 1790/ Dinner table compromise  - Moving the capital to now DC (More south for jefferson)

Embargo act  - Jefferson's ban on trade because of Napoleonic wars and seizing ships

War of 1812   -US v Britain over ship seizing and trade restrictions 

Meritocracy?  -Idea of trustworthiness for the government and Hamilton's plan 

Democratic-republican vs federalists

treaty of Ghent  - treaty after 1812 for peace


Ideas MCQ

-Hamilton plan

-Washington administration

Essay prompts: 😭

  • The federal government and its relationship with the states

  • Interpreting the constitution

    • Don’t take both sides

    • Use examples from class, from what you know, etc

      • Has to be US history

4 of the multiple choice questions are on the hamilton plan


Important president stuff

Washington- 

-stays 2 terms

-establishes a cabinet 

-Whisky rebellion

Adams- 

-Federalist,

-Makes alien and sedition acts

-XYZ affair

-Quasi war with france

-Appointed judges last minute

- peaceful transfer of power to the (democratic republican) Jefferson administration

Revolution of 1800s

Jefferson

- Louisiana purchase

-Dinner table compromise

-Democratic republic 

-Judical review

-strict interpretation of constitution

- embargo act, Hamilton's plan

- he wanted Farming economy

- cut size of government
- cut alien and sedition acts

Maddison

-War of 1812

-Federalist party falls, Hartford convention 

-Era of good feelings





Hamilton's Plan

Goals: To be more creditworthy and to help fix the economy and have the country become more industrial (outputs) and focus on trades. He also wanted it to be more central so the economy of the states functions as one. Manufacturing economy (industrial), strong central gov. Moving money from rural south to urban north.


Methods: Assume state debt and have taxes pay for them. Connecting the debts would make the interest rates the same and make the bank connected. Get people to get bonds. If you sell your bonds early you'll get less money. People were selling their bonds because they thought the government wasn't going to pay it back. Rich people bought the poor people's bonds for cheap  because the rich could afford to wait. People were desperate and people like shays were paying their bonds for so much cheaper. Hamilton saw and said he would pay them all back. Now that people trusted him he sold bonds to pay off the old bonds except the new bonds pay interest. Tax and tariffs to pay off bonds , after the British taxing people were mad about the new tax on whisky. The South imports a lot because they do agriculture and export, so the tariffs hurt the poor the most. Hamilton was bringing the money from the south to the north, more people in the north had bonds. Capital $$ was going from the country to the city. When they (farmers) tried not to pay the tax , Hamilton sent a huge army so they gave up because they didn't have a chance. 

Jeffersom wanted the capital to be closer to the south because in a time without phones being close to the gov was important (letters travel so slow). Everyone is attacking the english ships because of the french british war. Washington says they are neutral on the war so they stop attacking. The British dont want americanas to trade with ffrench and vice versa. Meritocracy


Federal: Big gov (john adams)

Democratic republican: ??


Washington was loved while Adams seemed edgy and didn't connect with the people well. 

Jefferson is a likely person to win because people don't like Adams. Jef wanted to reduce taxes, smaller gov and end the alien and sedition acts.

(adams and jay vs jefferson and burr) 

Jef :73  Bur:73, They were voted equally (because you can vote for both candidates separately) so instead of Jefferson going down. 


Jefferson wins! No bloodshed, Jefferson tries to undo the policies of the last administration. He couldn't undo it because Hamilton's plan was already so ingrained in the economy. Jefferson buys Louisiana from the French. 



Resistance: Maddison and Jefferson resisted because they didn't like how Hamilton was following the British structure and thought the country would be better if they were a farming country instead of an industrial one. Different states object because of the rise it would cause a rise in their taxes even if they paid their debt. 

results:



Washington Administration: Setting Precedent; Parties Form

  1. Why was setting up the Cabinet an important precedent?

Because it laid the foundation to the government and was the reason why these people had the chance to change things and speak their minds. Because it established that the president will have advisors and wont run the entire government by itself


Jefferson supported a limited government and followed the constitution strictly , Hamilton wanted to interpret the constitution loosely. Maddison goings jeffersons side because he wrote it

  1. What were the key steps to Hamilton’s plan? 

He wanted to make the economy stable and develop it. 1) Get people to trust and loan money to the government. 2) Replacing old debts with connected bonds to the people we owe money to in order to build the economy so they could pay their own debt. 3)Make the bank of the United States and it can control things and serve currency even though it wasn't officially a part of the government. 4) put tariffs in place (often taxed whisky) so more American companies create things.

  1. Who objected and why?

People who thought that Hamilton's plan banked too much on our connections to Britain and people thought that going west was more important than connecting to Europe. Jefferson and maddison opposed because they thought connecting more with other nations was a threat to freedom. Hamilton based the government off of Britain's example like with commercial goods and giving more exports

  1. What was the Whiskey Rebellion? How did Washington and Hamilton respond?

It was a violent protest against the tax on whisky so they stopped the collection of the tax and had signs. Washington sent militiamen to Pennsylvania and the people revolting split up in fear

  1. Identify the key differences between the Federalists and the Democratic Republicans?

The democratic republicans felt threatened by a central government and thought it would impose on their rights, while federalists held belief in the federal government and thought it would boost the economy.

  1. How did foreign affairs challenge the Washington Administration?

There were still undeclared issues with other places and they had to figure out what to do with trade and the other places around them who were fighting

  1. French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars

The french revolution was a revolt against the french government by the people that was inspired by the American revolution and started partially because of the state France was in after losing to Britain. The napoleonic wars were european fights after the french revolution against allies of their rivaling nations  

  1. What did Jay and Pinkney Treaties do?

Jays treaty tried to guarantee war would not break out between britain and the US and Pinkneys tried to connect the US to Spain for trade

  1. Natives driven from Ohio

Natives were driven from Ohio because of conflict over the land and the americans look it

Adams Administration: He’s no Washington

  1. What problems did Adams create for himself?

He was put in the presidency at a difficult time because of politics and war. He wasn't cautious about policies and many areas started to be unsettled by his taxing in particular. With that people were starting to fight back. 

  1. What was the quasi-war with France?

It was when France and England were at war and the US was having some naval skirmishes so they were worried it would broaden. 

  1. What was the XYZ Affair?

It was when 3 french ministers said they would not stop seizing American trade ships until they were paid, since they weren't the two countries still had tension over sea. 

Describe the Alien and Sedition Acts

The alien act essentially said the government can deport whomever they see fit or are "dangerous"  because the federalists thought that immigrants were radical and voted for Thomas Jefferson. The sedition act made criticizing the government against the law and put critics in jail. Worry about spies and such from french making the acts. Sedition: no criticizing gov or pres. Alien: In times of national emergency (whenever the president says), the president can remove any immigrant (who tend to like jefferson), it changed the amount of time you have to live in America to become a citizen from 5 to 14 years (so they can't vote until they live there for 14 years). 

  1. What was the goal of the acts?
    To lessen the amount of government criticisms during the war and suppress the voices of people against the president.

  1. How did the KY and VA resolutions respond to the Alien and Sedition Acts?

Kentucky and Virginia said that the acts were unconstitutional. They decided you should be able to not enforce a law if it's against the constitution. Virginia said that the courts should protect freedom of speech.

  1. What is Nullification?  

It's where a state can say a law is unconstitutional and won't be enforced

  1. Why were the British still supporting Native resistance?

Because the british wanted the americans to stop expanding and to protect their canadian territories

Jefferson Administration: The Revolution of 1800 (sort of)

  1. What did Jefferson promise to do that was different from Washington and Adams?

He wanted to limit the federal government and focus on the states rights. He promised unrestricted trade, freedom of religion, economy in the government and alliances with other nations. He believed a limited government would let people be more free.

  1. Why was his election called the Revolution of 1800?

It was called that because the country went from a federalist leader to a democratic republic leader. It showed how Americans thought that ordinary people should be involved in politics and voice their opinions. It was also a peaceful turn of power and party, setting the precedent of a peaceful turnover. 

  1. What was strange about his election?  Who supported him for president?

His election was strange because of a tie due to an elector not getting rid of a vote, a system which they chose to make the president be the top candidate. Then the election was put in the hands of the house of representatives. Hamilton supported him because he saw how his financial system would not fall in his government.

  1. How did Jefferson live up to his plan to reduce government?  What limited him?

He was limited because Hamilton's financial plan was already set in motion and working. He freed people incarcerated by the sedition act and lessened the number of government employees, army and navy. He lessened taxes and started to pay off the US’s debt. 

  1. How did he actually increase the power of the Federal Government and the President?

Because he prioritized national interest it in turn also gave more power to the president and government over foreign affairs and expanding within the continent

  1. Louisiana Purchase

Louisiana, originally belonging to France was given to Spain but was then taken back by the French during the 7 years war. Jefferson was concerned about America's access to New Orleans port. Napoleon offered Louisiana to Jefferson because he needed money for military purposes. Jefferson bought Louisiana but in doing so he went past the powers of the president. 

  1. Barbary Coast Pirates (war)

It was a foreign war, he had to expand the government in order to focus on foreign relations. The Barbary states had been attacking ships in the Atlantic and Mediterranean, the US had paid them to not attack our ships. Jefferson refused to pay them more than they had already been paying and Tripoli declared war on the US until America won at their harbor 

  1. What was significant about Marbury v. Madison?

When Adams was leaving office he appointed federalist judges. But Maddison didn't give them the documents needed to let them do that job. One of which was Marbury who sued for his spot. The court decided that Marbury was legally allowed his spot because he was appointed but Marshal thought it was unconstitutional to give the supreme court the power to demand them to give Marbury his spot. In the end the supreme court couldn't order them to give Marbury his spot. This is what gave the supreme court the power to decide if congress goes against the constitution. Judicial Review


It was a landmark decision of the Marshall Court in 1803, as it was the first U.S. Supreme Court decision to declare a federal law—the Judiciary Act of 1801 — unconstitutional.


  1. How did Jefferson try to respond to British interference with shipping?

The British and French refused American trade to each other during their war. The British captured many American sailors which was against Jefferson because he believed trade was very important. He passed the embargo act which was a ban on American ships going to foreign ports, expanding the power of the limited government once again. The American ports were devastated with their exports going very low.


Madison Administration: Growing Confidence

  1. What were the causes of the War of 1812?

British interference with US trade with France and support (arming them) for native American resistance (not letting us expand west). British naval blockades disrupted our trade and commerce with Europe along with the British navy often stopping American merchants and citizens. The British kidnapped our sailors and made our people work in their military. They also didn’t leave the nation, even though they said they would due to the Jay Treaty.



  1. Who in congress wanted to declare war?

A group in congress known as “War Hawks” who pushed for a war with Britain. They said it was necessary to defend the US because of their trade issues.


  1. What were the results of the War of 1812? (political, economic, social)

Neither side won, there was a treaty of Ghent (everything is returned to how it was before the war). A connection of american national identity, a decline in the federalist party and a surge in manufacturing. This led to the “Era of good feelings” and helped the economy+ industrial growth. Now is when the star spangled banner was written. This was our official disconnect to Britain. After Napoleon's defeat, the British didn't see the need to attack our trade anymore. The federalist party falls.


  1. What was the Hartford Convention and what effect did or have on the Federalists Party?

It was a secret meeting of British federalists to protest the war of 1812 and propose amendments. It showed the federalist party as unpatriotic and led to its fall as a major political force. (it felt like treason)


  1. The Era of Good Feelings and Expansion

An era of perceived national unity and harmony after the war of 1812 and showed the dominance of the demo-republic party. A sense of unity started growing. 


In 1785 we made the “north west ordinance” that laid the rules of north and west of the ohio river. It said the new states were colonies, they would be equal. They said there could be no slavery north and west of the ohio river (known as free states)



New states are quickly added (LA, IN, IL, MO, ME)

Haitian revolution: scared US because it brought up the idea of freeing people and their rationale was being crushed? (double check l8r)