Metals vs Non-metals: The First 20 Elements
Objectives
Classify the first 20 elements as metals or non-metals.
State the general properties of metals and non-metals.
Explain the difference in properties between metals and non-metals.
Define the terms: rusting, corrosion, malleable, ductile, and alloy.
Give examples of alloys.
State uses of the first 20 elements.
The First 20 Elements
The first 20 elements of the Periodic Table include both metals and non-metals.
The elements are divided into metals and non-metals in the Periodic Table.
Metals are located in the Periodic Table.
There are 13 non-metals and 7 metals in the first 20 elements.
A group number in the Periodic Table provides information.
A period number in the Periodic Table provides information.
Carbon is a conductor of electricity.
Metals vs. Non-metals
The first 20 elements consist of 13 non-metals and 7 metals.
Mnemonic device for remembering the first few elements in order of atomic number: "Henry Herbert Likes Betty Boop."
Activity: construct more short sentences to learn off the remaining elements in order.
Carbon: A Unique Non-metal
Carbon is a non-metal element that behaves like a metal.
Carbon conducts electricity and appears shiny like a metal because it contains free electrons.
Free electrons can move about in the carbon, thereby conducting electricity.
Electricity is the free flow of charged particles.
There are 2 solid forms of carbon: graphite and diamond.
The 2 different solid forms of carbon are called allotropes of carbon.
Graphite is the form of carbon found in your pencil (pencils contain carbon, not lead).
Allotropes are different solid forms of the same element.
General Properties of Metals vs. Non-metals
Physical State at RTP (Room Temperature and Pressure):
Metals: All are solid except for mercury, which is a liquid.
Non-metals: Can exist as solids, liquids, and gases.
Hardness:
Metals: Generally hard.
Non-metals: Generally brittle.
Exceptions:
Some metals in groups I and II are usually soft.
Diamond (a form of carbon) is the hardest natural substance known.
Diamond is used to cut glass or another diamond.
Lustre:
Metals: Generally shiny unless corroded.
Non-metals: Generally dull, except for diamond and graphite (both forms of carbon).
Alloy: A mixture of metals that can also contain small quantities of non-metals.
Alloys of iron, called steel, contain iron, carbon, and small quantities of other elements.
Corrosion and Rusting
Substances causing corrosion of metals: water/moisture, salt, carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide, oxygen, etc.
Rusting is the special name given to the corrosion of iron and its alloys.
Corrosion: The "eating away" of the surface of metals, stones, and other materials by substances in the environment. All metals corrode.
Rusting: The corrosion of specifically iron and its alloys. All metals corrode, but only iron rusts.
The chemical name for rust is hydrated iron (III) hydroxide.
Further General Properties
Melting and Boiling Points:
Metals: Generally have high melting and boiling points.
Non-metals: Generally have low melting and boiling points, except for diamond and graphite.
Malleability:
Metals: Can be hammered or shaped into sheets.
Non-metals: Non-malleable.
Ductility:
Metals: Can be drawn or stretched into wires; ductile.
Non-metals: Non-ductile.
Conductors of Heat and Electricity:
Metals: Good conductors because they have free electrons.
Free electrons carry or transfer heat and electricity throughout a metal.
Non-metals: Non-conductors, except for graphite (contains free electrons like a metal).
Objectives
Classify the first 20 elements as metals or non-metals.
State the general properties of metals and non-metals.
Explain the difference in properties between metals and non-metals.
Define the terms: rusting, corrosion, malleable, ductile, and alloy.
Give examples of alloys.
State uses of the first 20 elements.
The First 20 Elements
The first 20 elements of the Periodic Table include both metals and non-metals.
The elements are divided into metals and non-metals in the Periodic Table.
Metals are located in the Periodic Table.
There are 13 non-metals and 7 metals in the first 20 elements.
A group number in the Periodic Table provides information.
A period number in the Periodic Table provides information.
Carbon is a conductor of electricity.
Metals vs. Non-metals
The first 20 elements consist of 13 non-metals and 7 metals.
Mnemonic device for remembering the first few elements in order of atomic number: "Henry Herbert Likes Betty Boop."
Activity: construct more short sentences to learn off the remaining elements in order.
Carbon: A Unique Non-metal
Carbon is a non-metal element that behaves like a metal.
Carbon conducts electricity and appears shiny like a metal because it contains free electrons.
Free electrons can move about in the carbon, thereby conducting electricity.
Electricity is the free flow of charged particles.
There are 2 solid forms of carbon: graphite and diamond.
The 2 different solid forms of carbon are called allotropes of carbon.
Graphite is the form of carbon found in your pencil (pencils contain carbon, not lead).
Allotropes are different solid forms of the same element.
General Properties of Metals vs. Non-metals
Physical State at RTP (Room Temperature and Pressure):
Metals: All are solid except for mercury, which is a liquid.
Non-metals: Can exist as solids, liquids, and gases.
Hardness:
Metals: Generally hard.
Non-metals: Generally brittle.
Exceptions:
Some metals in groups I and II are usually soft.
Diamond (a form of carbon) is the hardest natural substance known.
Diamond is used to cut glass or another diamond.
Lustre:
Metals: Generally shiny unless corroded.
Non-metals: Generally dull, except for diamond and graphite (both forms of carbon).
Alloy: A mixture of metals that can also contain small quantities of non-metals.
Alloys of iron, called steel, contain iron, carbon, and small quantities of other elements.
Corrosion and Rusting
Substances causing corrosion of metals: water/moisture, salt, carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide, oxygen, etc.
Rusting is the special name given to the corrosion of iron and its alloys.
Corrosion: The "eating away" of the surface of metals, stones, and other materials by substances in the environment. All metals corrode.
Rusting: The corrosion of specifically iron and its alloys. All metals corrode, but only iron rusts.
The chemical name for rust is hydrated iron (III) hydroxide.
Further General Properties
Melting and Boiling Points:
Metals: Generally have high melting and boiling points.
Non-metals: Generally have low melting and boiling points, except for diamond and graphite.
Malleability:
Metals: Can be hammered or shaped into sheets.
Non-metals: Non-malleable.
Ductility:
Metals: Can be drawn or stretched into wires; ductile.
Non-metals: Non-ductile.
Conductors of Heat and Electricity:
Metals: Good conductors because they have free electrons.
Free electrons carry or transfer heat and electricity throughout a metal.
Non-metals: Non-conductors, except for graphite (contains free electrons like a metal).