Formation of a wave cut platform

weaknesses such as joints, faults or cracks in cliffs are undercut by erosion to form a wave cut notch at base of cliff.

erosion takes place due to hydraulic action, abrasion and solution.

hydraulic action is when pounding waves compress trapped air in the rocks, creating an explosive blast which weakens and loosens rock fragments.

abrasion is when rock fragments thrown against the headland or cliff create a sandblasting (abrasive) action, wearing away the rock.

solution is when carbonic acid in sea water causes weathering to limestone and chalk and the rock dissolves.

the rock above overhangs over the notch and, as erosion continues, the notch enlarges until the unsupported overhang collapses due to the weight.

the new cliff face is then eroded and over time, the cliff retreats inland, leaving a gently sloping rocky surface called a wave cut platform, which extends out to sea away from the cliff

the platform is abraded by rock materials, with rock pools and pot holes forming, evident at low tide.