some of chapter 2

Combining Forms (rootwords)

abdomin/o

adip/o

anter/o

brachi/o

cardi/o

caud/o

cephal/o

cervic/o

chondr/o

chrom/o

crani/o

crin/o

crur/o

cyt/o

dermat/o

dist/o

dors/o

enter/o

epitheli/o

eti/o

gastr/o

glute/o

gynec/o

hemat/o

hist/o

immun/o

infer/o

spin/o

super/o

thorac/o

ur/o

urin/o

inguin/o

laryng/o

later/o

lumb/o

lymph/o

medi/o

muscul/o

nephr/o

neur/o

nucle/o

ophthalm/o

orth/o

ot/o

ox/i

pariet/o

path/o

ped/o

pelv/o

peritone/o

pleur/o

poster/o

proct/o

proxim/o

pub/o

pulmon/o

rhin/o

somat/o

vascul/o

ventr/o

vertebr/o

viscer/o

Definitions:

abdomen

fat

front

arm

heart

tail

head

neck, cervix

cartilage

color

skull

to secrete

leg

cell

skin

away from

back

small intestine

epithelium

cause

stomach

buttock

female

blood

tissue

protection

below

spine

above

chest

urine

urine

groin

larynx

side

loin (low back)

lymph

middle

muscle

kidney

nerve

nucleus

eye

straight

ear

oxygen

cavity wall

disease

child, foot

pelvis

peritoneum

pleura

back

rectum and anus

near to

genital region, pubis

lung

nose

body

blood vessel

belly

vertebra

internal organ

Levels of Body Organization

body

cells

organs

systems

Cells

  • cell membrane

  • chromosomes (KROH-moh-sohms)- the dna inside the nucleus

  • cytology (sigh-TALL-oh-jee)- study of cells

  • cytoplasm (SIGH-toh-plazm)- watery internal environment of a cell

  • deoxyribonucleic acid (dee-OKS-ee-RIGH-boh-noo-KLEE-ic)- dna

  • gametes (GAM-eets)- reproductive cells

  • Genes- subdivision of chromosomes in the nucleus, each gene pattern is used to build a specific protein

  • Mutation- change in teh dna pattern

  • Nucleus- structure in the cell that holds dna

  • ova (OH-vah)- female sex cell, aka oocyte

  • proteins (PROH-teenz)- basic macro, dna is made from proteins

  • somatic cells (soh-MAT-ik)- most abundant cell in the body, has 46 chromosomes in 23 pairs

  • Sperm- male sex cell, aka spermatozoon

  • stem cells- they have the ability to differentiate into any other type of cell in the body

word parts:

  • chrom/o = color

  • cyt/o = cell

  • nucle/o = nucleus

  • ox/i = oxygen

  • somat/o = body

  • de- = without

  • -ic = pertaining to

  • -logy = study of

  • -plasm = formation

Tissues

  • connective tissue

  • epithelial tissue (ep-ih-THEE-lee-al)

  • histology (hiss-TALL-oh-jee)- study of tissues

  • muscular tissue- able to contract and shorten to produce movement

  • nervous tissue

Search for these word parts:

  • epitheli/o = epithelium

  • hist/o = tissue

  • muscul/o = muscle

  • -al = pertaining to

  • -ar = pertaining to

  • -logy = study of

  • -ous = pertaining to

Muscular Tissue:

  • cardiac muscle (KAR-dee-ak)

  • muscle fibers

  • skeletal muscle

  • smooth muscle

Connective Tissue:

  • adipose (AD-ih-pohs)

  • bone

  • cartilage (KAR-tih-lij)

  • tendons (TEN-dunz)

adip/o = fat

Nervous Tissue:

  • brain

  • nerves

  • neurons (NOO-ronz)

  • spinal cord

neur/o = nerve

spin/o = spine

Body Planes

  • coronal plane (koh-ROH-nal) (same as the frontal)

  • coronal section (fraction of the fronta plane

  • Cross-section (cut from the middle (hamburger style))

  • frontal plane (cut hot dog style to separate front from back)

  • frontal section (sectiontion from the frontal)

  • horizontal plane (hamburger slice through the middle)

  • longitudinal section (lon-jih-TOO-dih-nal)

  • median plane

  • midsagittal plane (mid-SAJ-ih-tal)

  • sagittal plane (SAJ-ih-tal) (hot dog style cut to separate left from right)

  • sagittal section

  • transverse plane (same as horizontal)

  • transverse section

word parts:

  • medi/o = middle

  • trans- = across

  • -al = pertaining to

  • -an = pertaining to

Body Cavities

  • abdominal cavity

  • abdominopelvic cavity (ab-dom-ih-noh-PEL-vik)

  • cranial cavity (KRAY-nee-al)

  • diaphragm (DYE-ah-fram)

  • mediastinum (mee-dee-as-TYE-num)

  • parietal layer (pah-RYE-eh-tal)

  • parietal peritoneum

  • parietal pleura

  • pelvic cavity

  • pericardial cavity (pair-ih-KAR-dee-al)

  • peritoneum (pair-ih-toh-NEE-um)

  • pleura (PLOO-rah)

  • pleural cavity (PLOO-ral)

  • spinal cavity

  • thoracic cavity (thoh-RASS-ik)

  • viscera (VISS-er-ah)

  • visceral layer (VISS-er-al)

  • visceral peritoneum

  • visceral pleura

word parts:

  • abdomin/o = abdomen

  • crani/o = skull

  • pariet/o = cavity wall

  • pelv/o = pelvis

  • pleur/o = pleura

  • spin/o = spine

  • thorac/o = chest

  • viscer/o = internal organ

  • peri- = around

  • -al = pertaining to

  • -ic = pertaining to